diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/FormalRecommendationController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/FormalRecommendationController.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..84d891f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/FormalRecommendationController.php
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Http\Controllers;
+
+use App\Enums\PurchasingRole;
+use App\Models\PurchaseAward;
+use App\Models\RecommendationAdoption;
+use App\Models\RecommendationAttempt;
+use App\Models\RecommendationPolicy;
+use App\Models\RecommendationReview;
+use App\Models\Requisition;
+use App\Models\User;
+use App\Services\ConflictGuard;
+use App\Services\FormalAdmission;
+use App\Services\FormalRecommendation;
+use Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse;
+use Illuminate\Http\Request;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+use Inertia\Inertia;
+use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
+
+class FormalRecommendationController extends Controller
+{
+    private function access(Request $request, int $id): Requisition
+    {
+        abort_unless(in_array($request->user()->purchasing_role, [PurchasingRole::Admin, PurchasingRole::Procurement, PurchasingRole::Finance, PurchasingRole::DepartmentHead]), 403);
+
+        return Requisition::query()->visibleTo($request->user())->findOrFail($id);
+    }
+
+    public function policy(Request $request): Response
+    {
+        abort_unless($request->user()->purchasing_role === PurchasingRole::Admin, 403);
+        Inertia::encryptHistory();
+        $response = Inertia::render('purchases/recommendation-policy', ['policies' => RecommendationPolicy::query()->latest('revision')->paginate(20)->withQueryString(), 'latest' => RecommendationPolicy::query()->latest('revision')->first()])->toResponse($request);
+        $response->headers->set('Cache-Control', 'private, no-store, max-age=0');
+
+        return $response;
+    }
+
+    public function configure(Request $request, FormalRecommendation $workflow): RedirectResponse
+    {
+        $data = $request->validate(['previous_id' => 'required|integer|min:0', 'enabled' => 'required|boolean', 'roles' => 'required|array|min:1|max:2', 'roles.*' => 'required|distinct|in:finance,department_head', 'required_count' => 'required|integer|min:1|max:50', 'reason' => 'required|string|min:10|max:4000', 'tenant_id' => 'prohibited', 'created_by' => 'prohibited', 'snapshot' => 'prohibited']);
+        $data['enabled'] = (bool) $data['enabled'];
+        $workflow->policy($request->user(), $data);
+
+        return to_route('recommendations.policy');
+    }
+
+    public function show(Request $request, Requisition $requisition, FormalRecommendation $workflow): Response
+    {
+        $requisition = $this->access($request, $requisition->id);
+        $filter = $request->validate(['version' => 'nullable|integer|min:1']);
+        $adoption = $workflow->adoption($requisition);
+        $selected = isset($filter['version']) ? RecommendationAdoption::query()->where('requisition_id', $requisition->id)->findOrFail((int) $filter['version']) : $adoption;
+        $current = $selected && $selected->id === $adoption?->id;
+        $basis = $workflow->basis($requisition);
+        $latest = RecommendationAttempt::query()->where('recommendation_adoption_id', $selected->id ?? 0)->latest('revision')->first();
+        $closed = $requisition->status !== 'approved' || PurchaseAward::query()->where('requisition_id', $requisition->id)->exists();
+        $open = ! $closed && ! app(ConflictGuard::class)->participationBlocked($request->user(), $requisition);
+        $history = RecommendationAttempt::query()->where('recommendation_adoption_id', $selected->id ?? 0)->latest('revision')->paginate(10)->withQueryString();
+        $history->through(function ($attempt) use ($workflow, $selected, $current, $latest, $basis, $requisition, $open, $request) {
+            $fresh = $current && $latest?->id === $attempt->id && $basis['ready'] && $basis['hash'] === $attempt->basis_hash;
+
+            return [...$attempt->toArray(), 'status' => $workflow->status($attempt, $selected), 'current' => (bool) $fresh, 'reviews' => RecommendationReview::query()->where('recommendation_attempt_id', $attempt->id)->orderBy('id')->get(),
+                'canReview' => $open && $fresh && $workflow->status($attempt, $selected) === 'pending' && $workflow->eligible($request->user(), $requisition, $selected, $attempt) && ! RecommendationReview::query()->where('recommendation_attempt_id', $attempt->id)->where('reviewed_by', $request->user()->id)->exists()];
+        });
+        Inertia::encryptHistory();
+        $response = Inertia::render('purchases/recommendation', ['requisition' => $requisition->only(['id', 'number']), 'policy' => RecommendationPolicy::query()->latest('revision')->first(), 'adoption' => $adoption, 'selected' => $selected, 'adoptions' => RecommendationAdoption::query()->where('requisition_id', $requisition->id)->latest('revision')->get(), 'hasAdmission' => app(FormalAdmission::class)->adoption($requisition) !== null,
+            'basis' => ['hash' => $basis['hash'], 'ready' => $basis['ready'], 'top_ids' => $basis['top_ids'], 'rows' => collect($basis['payload']['rows'])->map(fn ($row) => array_intersect_key($row, array_flip(['id', 'reference', 'supplier_name', 'currency', 'total_minor', 'eligible', 'ineligibility_reasons', 'evaluation_count', 'score_minor'])))->all()], 'previousId' => $latest->id ?? 0,
+            'history' => $history, 'closed' => $closed, 'canAdopt' => $open && $request->user()->purchasing_role === PurchasingRole::Procurement, 'canPropose' => $open && $current && $basis['ready'] && $request->user()->purchasing_role === PurchasingRole::Procurement && $request->user()->id !== $requisition->requester_id])->toResponse($request);
+        $response->headers->set('Cache-Control', 'private, no-store, max-age=0');
+
+        return $response;
+    }
+
+    public function adopt(Request $request, Requisition $requisition, FormalRecommendation $workflow): RedirectResponse
+    {
+        $this->access($request, $requisition->id);
+        $data = $request->validate(['policy_id' => 'required|integer', 'previous_id' => 'required|integer|min:0', 'reason' => 'required|string|min:10|max:4000', 'tenant_id' => 'prohibited', 'snapshot' => 'prohibited', 'created_by' => 'prohibited']);
+        $workflow->adopt($request->user(), $requisition, (int) $data['policy_id'], (int) $data['previous_id'], $data['reason']);
+
+        return to_route('recommendations.show', $requisition);
+    }
+
+    public function propose(Request $request, Requisition $requisition, FormalRecommendation $workflow): RedirectResponse
+    {
+        $this->access($request, $requisition->id);
+        $data = $request->validate(['quotation_id' => 'required|integer', 'previous_id' => 'required|integer|min:0', 'basis_hash' => 'required|string|size:64', 'reason' => 'required|string|min:10|max:4000', 'tenant_id' => 'prohibited', 'created_by' => 'prohibited', 'snapshot' => 'prohibited', 'status' => 'prohibited']);
+        $workflow->propose($request->user(), $requisition, $data);
+
+        return to_route('recommendations.show', $requisition);
+    }
+
+    public function review(Request $request, RecommendationAttempt $attempt, FormalRecommendation $workflow): RedirectResponse
+    {
+        $adoption = RecommendationAdoption::query()->findOrFail($attempt->recommendation_adoption_id);
+        $this->access($request, $adoption->requisition_id);
+        $data = $request->validate(['verdict' => 'required|in:approved,returned', 'reason' => 'required|string|min:10|max:4000', 'reviewed_by' => 'prohibited', 'snapshot' => 'prohibited', 'tenant_id' => 'prohibited']);
+        $workflow->review($request->user(), $attempt, $data['verdict'], $data['reason']);
+
+        return to_route('recommendations.show', $adoption->requisition_id);
+    }
+
+    public function print(Request $request, RecommendationAttempt $attempt, FormalRecommendation $workflow): Response
+    {
+        return DB::transaction(function () use ($request, $attempt, $workflow) {
+            if (DB::connection()->getDriverName() === 'pgsql') {
+                DB::statement('SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ, READ ONLY');
+            }
+            $actor = User::query()->where('tenant_id', $request->user()->tenant_id)->findOrFail($request->user()->id);
+            $request->setUserResolver(fn () => $actor);
+            $adoption = RecommendationAdoption::query()->findOrFail($attempt->recommendation_adoption_id);
+            $requisition = $this->access($request, $adoption->requisition_id);
+            $basis = $workflow->basis($requisition);
+            $currentAdoption = $workflow->adoption($requisition);
+            $latest = RecommendationAttempt::query()->where('recommendation_adoption_id', $adoption->id)->latest('revision')->firstOrFail();
+
+            $history = RecommendationAttempt::query()->where('recommendation_adoption_id', $adoption->id)->where('id', '<', $attempt->id)->orderBy('revision')->get()->map(fn ($previous) => ['attempt' => $previous, 'state' => $workflow->status($previous, $adoption), 'reviews' => RecommendationReview::query()->where('recommendation_attempt_id', $previous->id)->orderBy('id')->get()]);
+
+            return response()->view('purchases.recommendation-print', ['requisition' => $requisition, 'attempt' => $attempt, 'adoption' => $adoption, 'history' => $history, 'reviews' => RecommendationReview::query()->where('recommendation_attempt_id', $attempt->id)->orderBy('id')->get(), 'state' => $workflow->status($attempt, $adoption), 'current' => $currentAdoption?->id === $adoption->id && $latest->id === $attempt->id && $basis['ready'] && $basis['hash'] === $attempt->basis_hash, 'generatedAt' => now()->timezone('Africa/Johannesburg'), 'generatedBy' => $request->user()->name], 200, ['Cache-Control' => 'private, no-store, max-age=0']);
+        });
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/PurchaseController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/PurchaseController.php
index d93d7ed..f61e4d3 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/PurchaseController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/PurchaseController.php
@@ -7,13 +7,16 @@ use App\Models\AuditLog;
 use App\Models\AwardCancellation;
 use App\Models\PurchaseAward;
 use App\Models\PurchaseOrder;
+use App\Models\RecommendationAttempt;
 use App\Models\Requisition;
+use App\Services\FormalRecommendation;
 use App\Services\ProposalComparison;
 use App\Services\PurchaseWorkflow;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\View\View;
 use Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 use Illuminate\Validation\Rule;
+use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
 use Inertia\Inertia;
 use Inertia\Response;
 
@@ -30,10 +33,25 @@ class PurchaseController extends Controller
         Requisition::query()->visibleTo($request->user())->findOrFail($requisition->id);
         $award = PurchaseAward::query()->where('requisition_id', $requisition->id)->with('approvals')->first();
         $frozen = $award && AwardCancellation::query()->where('purchase_award_id', $award->id)->where('status', 'pending')->exists();
+        $recommendation = app(FormalRecommendation::class);
+        $adoption = $recommendation->adoption($requisition);
+        $candidate = null;
+        if ($adoption) {
+            $latest = RecommendationAttempt::query()->where('recommendation_adoption_id', $adoption->id)->latest('revision')->first();
+            if ($latest) {
+                try {
+                    $recommendation->selection($requisition, $latest->quotation_id);
+                    $candidate = $latest->quotation_id;
+                } catch (ValidationException) {
+                    // The POST revalidates again; stale recommendations cannot enable the form.
+                }
+            }
+        }
 
         return Inertia::render('purchases/award', [
             'requisition' => $requisition, 'comparison' => $comparison->inspect($requisition), 'award' => $award,
-            'canSelect' => $request->user()->purchasing_role === PurchasingRole::Procurement && $award === null && $request->user()->id !== $requisition->requester_id,
+            'canSelect' => $request->user()->purchasing_role === PurchasingRole::Procurement && $award === null && $request->user()->id !== $requisition->requester_id && (! $adoption || $candidate !== null),
+            'recommendation' => ['adopted' => $adoption !== null, 'quotation_id' => $candidate],
             'canDecide' => ! $frozen && $award !== null && $workflow->canDecide($request->user(), $award, $requisition),
             'canIssue' => ! $frozen && $award?->status === 'approved' && $request->user()->purchasing_role === PurchasingRole::Procurement,
             'order' => PurchaseOrder::query()->where('requisition_id', $requisition->id)->first(['id', 'number']),
diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/PurchaseProcessController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/PurchaseProcessController.php
index 3fd8d16..9743fee 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/PurchaseProcessController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/PurchaseProcessController.php
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ class PurchaseProcessController extends Controller
         if ($purchases) {
             $documents[] = ['label' => 'Relatório de conferência', 'kind' => 'Relatório de consulta', 'href' => $base.'/relatorio'];
             $documents[] = ['label' => 'Regime, decisões e conferências', 'kind' => 'Admissão de propostas', 'href' => $base.'/admissao'];
+            $documents[] = ['label' => 'Regime, tentativas e conferências', 'kind' => 'Recomendação', 'href' => $base.'/recomendacao'];
         }
         $qualification = $purchases ? QualificationSet::query()->where('requisition_id', $requisition->id)->latest('revision')->first(['id', 'revision']) : null;
         if ($qualification) {
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ class PurchaseProcessController extends Controller
         }
         $actions = ['requisition.created', 'requisition.updated', 'requisition.submitted', 'approval.approved', 'approval.rejected', 'equipment.technical_approved', 'equipment.technical_rejected', 'requisition.revision_created'];
         if ($purchases) {
-            $actions = [...$actions, 'admission.adopted', 'admission.proposed', 'admission.reviewed', 'qualification.defined', 'qualification.assessed', 'opening.recorded', 'award.created', 'award.approved', 'award.rejected', 'purchase_order.issued', 'cancellation.requested', 'cancellation.approved', 'cancellation.rejected'];
+            $actions = [...$actions, 'recommendation.adopted', 'recommendation.proposed', 'recommendation.reviewed', 'admission.adopted', 'admission.proposed', 'admission.reviewed', 'qualification.defined', 'qualification.assessed', 'opening.recorded', 'award.created', 'award.approved', 'award.rejected', 'purchase_order.issued', 'cancellation.requested', 'cancellation.approved', 'cancellation.rejected'];
         }
         if ($inventory) {
             $actions[] = 'receipt.confirmed';
@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@ class PurchaseProcessController extends Controller
             'stages' => $stages, 'documents' => $documents, 'decisions' => $decisions, 'related' => $related,
             'cancellation' => $cancellation ? ['status' => $cancellation->status, 'href' => '/revisao-compras'] : null,
             'history' => AuditLog::query()->where('requisition_id', $requisition->id)->whereIn('action', $actions)->orderBy('id')->get(['id', 'action', 'created_at']),
-            'future' => ['Relatório de recomendação em etapas'],
+            'future' => [],
         ])->toResponse($request);
         $response->headers->set('Cache-Control', 'private, no-store, max-age=0');
 
diff --git a/app/Models/PurchaseAward.php b/app/Models/PurchaseAward.php
index 8d12ebe..559986a 100644
--- a/app/Models/PurchaseAward.php
+++ b/app/Models/PurchaseAward.php
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany;
  * @property list<array<string, mixed>> $decision_matrix
  * @property array<string,mixed>|null $investment_snapshot
  * @property array<string,mixed>|null $admission_snapshot
+ * @property array<string,mixed>|null $recommendation_snapshot
  */
 class PurchaseAward extends Model
 {
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ class PurchaseAward extends Model
 
     protected function casts(): array
     {
-        return ['approval_snapshot' => 'array', 'decision_matrix' => 'array', 'investment_snapshot' => 'array', 'admission_snapshot' => 'array', 'delivery_date' => 'date:Y-m-d'];
+        return ['approval_snapshot' => 'array', 'decision_matrix' => 'array', 'investment_snapshot' => 'array', 'admission_snapshot' => 'array', 'recommendation_snapshot' => 'array', 'delivery_date' => 'date:Y-m-d'];
     }
 
     /** @return HasMany<PurchaseAwardApproval, $this> */
diff --git a/app/Models/RecommendationAdoption.php b/app/Models/RecommendationAdoption.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..193c4db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/Models/RecommendationAdoption.php
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Models;
+
+use App\Models\Concerns\AppendOnlyInventoryRecord;
+use App\Models\Concerns\BelongsToTenant;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+
+/** @property array{roles:list<string>,required_count:int,policy_revision:int} $snapshot */
+class RecommendationAdoption extends Model
+{
+    use AppendOnlyInventoryRecord, BelongsToTenant;
+
+    public $timestamps = false;
+
+    protected $guarded = ['id'];
+
+    protected function casts(): array
+    {
+        return ['snapshot' => 'array'];
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/Models/RecommendationAttempt.php b/app/Models/RecommendationAttempt.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c113b50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/Models/RecommendationAttempt.php
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Models;
+
+use App\Models\Concerns\AppendOnlyInventoryRecord;
+use App\Models\Concerns\BelongsToTenant;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+
+/** @property array<string,mixed> $snapshot */
+class RecommendationAttempt extends Model
+{
+    use AppendOnlyInventoryRecord, BelongsToTenant;
+
+    public $timestamps = false;
+
+    protected $guarded = ['id'];
+
+    protected function casts(): array
+    {
+        return ['snapshot' => 'array'];
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/Models/RecommendationPolicy.php b/app/Models/RecommendationPolicy.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..90e0194
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/Models/RecommendationPolicy.php
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Models;
+
+use App\Models\Concerns\AppendOnlyInventoryRecord;
+use App\Models\Concerns\BelongsToTenant;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+
+/** @property list<string> $roles */
+class RecommendationPolicy extends Model
+{
+    use AppendOnlyInventoryRecord, BelongsToTenant;
+
+    public $timestamps = false;
+
+    protected $guarded = ['id'];
+
+    protected function casts(): array
+    {
+        return ['roles' => 'array', 'enabled' => 'boolean'];
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/Models/RecommendationReview.php b/app/Models/RecommendationReview.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cffa8ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/Models/RecommendationReview.php
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Models;
+
+use App\Models\Concerns\AppendOnlyInventoryRecord;
+use App\Models\Concerns\BelongsToTenant;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+
+class RecommendationReview extends Model
+{
+    use AppendOnlyInventoryRecord, BelongsToTenant;
+
+    public $timestamps = false;
+
+    protected $guarded = ['id'];
+
+    protected function casts(): array
+    {
+        return ['snapshot' => 'array'];
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/Services/ConflictGuard.php b/app/Services/ConflictGuard.php
index dc52440..d5aece3 100644
--- a/app/Services/ConflictGuard.php
+++ b/app/Services/ConflictGuard.php
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ class ConflictGuard
                 'opening.recorded',
                 'qualification.defined', 'qualification.assessed',
                 'admission.adopted', 'admission.proposed', 'admission.reviewed',
+                'recommendation.adopted', 'recommendation.proposed', 'recommendation.reviewed',
                 'equipment.technical_approved', 'equipment.technical_rejected',
                 'invoice.created', 'invoice.validated',
                 'payment.registered', 'payment.confirmed', 'payment.rejected',
diff --git a/app/Services/FormalRecommendation.php b/app/Services/FormalRecommendation.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c624cc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/Services/FormalRecommendation.php
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Services;
+
+use App\Enums\PurchasingRole;
+use App\Models\AdmissionDecision;
+use App\Models\AdmissionReview;
+use App\Models\ProposalEvaluation;
+use App\Models\PurchaseAward;
+use App\Models\PurchaseOrder;
+use App\Models\Quotation;
+use App\Models\QuotationItem;
+use App\Models\RecommendationAdoption;
+use App\Models\RecommendationAttempt;
+use App\Models\RecommendationPolicy;
+use App\Models\RecommendationReview;
+use App\Models\Requisition;
+use App\Models\Supplier;
+use App\Models\User;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
+
+class FormalRecommendation
+{
+    private function invalid(string $message): never
+    {
+        throw ValidationException::withMessages(['recommendation' => $message]);
+    }
+
+    public function adoption(Requisition $request): ?RecommendationAdoption
+    {
+        return RecommendationAdoption::query()->where('requisition_id', $request->id)->latest('revision')->first();
+    }
+
+    private function process(User $actor, int $id): Requisition
+    {
+        $request = Requisition::query()->visibleTo($actor)->lockForUpdate()->findOrFail($id);
+        if ($request->status !== 'approved' || PurchaseAward::query()->where('requisition_id', $id)->exists() || PurchaseOrder::query()->where('requisition_id', $id)->exists()) {
+            $this->invalid('A recomendação só pode ser preparada num pedido aprovado, antes de adjudicar.');
+        }
+        app(ConflictGuard::class)->assertParticipation($actor, $request);
+        $quotes = Quotation::query()->where('requisition_id', $id)->orderBy('id')->lockForUpdate()->get(['id', 'supplier_id']);
+        Supplier::query()->whereIn('id', $quotes->pluck('supplier_id'))->orderBy('id')->lockForUpdate()->get();
+        QuotationItem::query()->whereIn('quotation_id', $quotes->pluck('id'))->orderBy('id')->lockForUpdate()->get();
+        ProposalEvaluation::query()->whereIn('quotation_id', $quotes->pluck('id'))->orderBy('id')->lockForUpdate()->get();
+
+        return $request;
+    }
+
+    /** @param array<string,mixed> $data */
+    public function policy(User $actor, array $data): RecommendationPolicy
+    {
+        if (! is_bool($data['enabled']) || ! is_array($data['roles']) || $data['roles'] === [] || count(array_unique($data['roles'])) !== count($data['roles']) || array_diff($data['roles'], ['finance', 'department_head']) !== [] || filter_var($data['required_count'], FILTER_VALIDATE_INT) === false || $data['required_count'] < 1 || $data['required_count'] > 50 || mb_strlen(trim($data['reason'])) < 10) {
+            $this->invalid('Defina perfis, quantidade de conferentes e fundamento próprios da recomendação.');
+        }
+
+        return DB::transaction(function () use ($actor, $data) {
+            app(ConflictGuard::class)->lockCompany($actor);
+            $actor = app(CurrentActor::class)->lock($actor, [PurchasingRole::Admin]);
+            $latest = RecommendationPolicy::query()->latest('revision')->first();
+            if ((int) $data['previous_id'] !== ($latest->id ?? 0)) {
+                $this->invalid('A política mudou. Actualize antes de criar outra versão.');
+            }
+            $policy = RecommendationPolicy::query()->create(['tenant_id' => $actor->tenant_id, 'created_by' => $actor->id, 'revision' => ($latest->revision ?? 0) + 1, 'enabled' => $data['enabled'], 'roles' => array_values($data['roles']), 'required_count' => $data['required_count'], 'reason' => $data['reason'], 'created_at' => now()]);
+            app(RequisitionWorkflow::class)->audit($actor, 'recommendation.policy', null, null, $policy->toArray());
+
+            return $policy;
+        });
+    }
+
+    public function adopt(User $actor, Requisition $request, int $policyId, int $previousId, string $reason): RecommendationAdoption
+    {
+        return DB::transaction(function () use ($actor, $request, $policyId, $previousId, $reason) {
+            app(ConflictGuard::class)->lockCompany($actor);
+            $actor = app(CurrentActor::class)->lock($actor, [PurchasingRole::Procurement]);
+            $request = $this->process($actor, $request->id);
+            if (! app(FormalAdmission::class)->adoption($request)) {
+                $this->invalid('Adopte expressamente o regime de admissão antes da recomendação.');
+            }
+            $previous = $this->adoption($request);
+            $policy = RecommendationPolicy::query()->latest('revision')->first();
+            if (! $policy || ! $policy->enabled || $policy->id !== $policyId || ($previous->id ?? 0) !== $previousId || $previous?->recommendation_policy_id === $policy->id || mb_strlen(trim($reason)) < 10) {
+                $this->invalid('Seleccione a política activa, a adopção actual e um fundamento próprio.');
+            }
+            $adoption = RecommendationAdoption::query()->create(['tenant_id' => $actor->tenant_id, 'requisition_id' => $request->id, 'recommendation_policy_id' => $policy->id, 'created_by' => $actor->id, 'revision' => ($previous->revision ?? 0) + 1, 'snapshot' => ['roles' => $policy->roles, 'required_count' => $policy->required_count, 'policy_revision' => $policy->revision], 'reason' => $reason, 'created_at' => now()]);
+            app(RequisitionWorkflow::class)->audit($actor, 'recommendation.adopted', $request, null, ['adoption' => $adoption->toArray(), 'previous_id' => $previous?->id]);
+
+            return $adoption;
+        });
+    }
+
+    /** @return array{hash:string,payload:array{admission_adoption:array<string,mixed>|null,comparison_hash:string,ready:bool,top_ids:list<int>,rows:list<array<string,mixed>>,admissions:list<array<string,mixed>>},ready:bool,top_ids:list<int>} */
+    public function basis(Requisition $request): array
+    {
+        $comparison = app(ProposalComparison::class)->inspect($request);
+        $admission = app(FormalAdmission::class);
+        $adoption = $admission->adoption($request);
+        $rows = [];
+        $admissions = [];
+        foreach ($comparison['rows'] as $row) {
+            // Freeze the decision inputs without supplier contacts or private documents.
+            $rows[] = [...array_intersect_key($row, array_flip(['id', 'supplier_id', 'reference', 'currency', 'subtotal_minor', 'tax_minor', 'total_minor', 'delivery_days', 'valid_until', 'payment_terms', 'weights', 'eligible', 'ineligibility_reasons', 'evaluation_count', 'score_minor', 'items', 'evaluations', 'qualified_evaluations'])), 'supplier_name' => $row['supplier']['name'] ?? 'Fornecedor indisponível'];
+            $decision = AdmissionDecision::query()->where('admission_adoption_id', $adoption->id ?? 0)->where('quotation_id', $row['id'])->latest('revision')->first();
+            $admissions[] = ['quotation_id' => $row['id'], 'basis' => $admission->basis($request, $row['id']), 'decision' => $decision?->toArray(), 'reviews' => AdmissionReview::query()->where('admission_decision_id', $decision->id ?? 0)->orderBy('id')->get()->toArray()];
+        }
+        $payload = ['admission_adoption' => $adoption?->toArray(), 'comparison_hash' => $comparison['fingerprint'], 'ready' => $comparison['ready'], 'top_ids' => $comparison['top_ids'], 'rows' => $rows, 'admissions' => $admissions];
+
+        return ['hash' => hash('sha256', json_encode($payload, JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR)), 'payload' => $payload, 'ready' => $adoption !== null && $comparison['ready'], 'top_ids' => $comparison['top_ids']];
+    }
+
+    public function status(RecommendationAttempt $attempt, RecommendationAdoption $adoption): string
+    {
+        $reviews = RecommendationReview::query()->where('recommendation_attempt_id', $attempt->id)->get();
+        if ($reviews->contains('verdict', 'returned')) {
+            return 'returned';
+        }
+
+        return $reviews->where('verdict', 'approved')->count() >= $adoption->snapshot['required_count'] ? 'confirmed' : 'pending';
+    }
+
+    /** @param array<string,mixed> $data */
+    public function propose(User $actor, Requisition $request, array $data): RecommendationAttempt
+    {
+        if (mb_strlen(trim($data['reason'])) < 10) {
+            $this->invalid('Fundamente a recomendação, incluindo a escolha em caso de empate.');
+        }
+
+        return DB::transaction(function () use ($actor, $request, $data) {
+            app(ConflictGuard::class)->lockCompany($actor);
+            $actor = app(CurrentActor::class)->lock($actor, [PurchasingRole::Procurement]);
+            $request = $this->process($actor, $request->id);
+            abort_if($actor->id === $request->requester_id, 403);
+            $adoption = $this->adoption($request);
+            if (! $adoption) {
+                $this->invalid('Adopte expressamente o regime de recomendação.');
+            }
+            $quote = Quotation::query()->where('requisition_id', $request->id)->whereKey($data['quotation_id'])->firstOrFail();
+            $basis = $this->basis($request);
+            if (! $basis['ready'] || $basis['hash'] !== $data['basis_hash'] || ! in_array($quote->id, $basis['top_ids'], true)) {
+                $this->invalid('Exige-se matriz pronta, admissões confirmadas e escolha fundamentada entre as maiores pontuações da base actual.');
+            }
+            $previous = RecommendationAttempt::query()->where('recommendation_adoption_id', $adoption->id)->latest('revision')->first();
+            if ((int) $data['previous_id'] !== ($previous->id ?? 0)) {
+                $this->invalid('A tentativa mudou. Actualize antes de registar outra revisão.');
+            }
+            $attempt = RecommendationAttempt::query()->create(['tenant_id' => $actor->tenant_id, 'recommendation_adoption_id' => $adoption->id, 'quotation_id' => $quote->id, 'created_by' => $actor->id, 'revision' => ($previous->revision ?? 0) + 1, 'basis_hash' => $basis['hash'], 'snapshot' => ['basis' => $basis['payload'], 'proponent' => $actor->only(['id', 'name']), 'policy' => $adoption->snapshot], 'reason' => $data['reason'], 'created_at' => now()]);
+            app(RequisitionWorkflow::class)->audit($actor, 'recommendation.proposed', $request, null, ['attempt' => $attempt->toArray(), 'previous_id' => $previous?->id]);
+
+            return $attempt;
+        });
+    }
+
+    public function eligible(User $actor, Requisition $request, RecommendationAdoption $adoption, RecommendationAttempt $attempt): bool
+    {
+        return $actor->tenant_id === $request->tenant_id && in_array($actor->purchasing_role->value, $adoption->snapshot['roles'], true) && ! in_array($actor->id, [$request->requester_id, $attempt->created_by], true) && ($actor->purchasing_role !== PurchasingRole::DepartmentHead || $actor->department_id === $request->department_id);
+    }
+
+    public function review(User $actor, RecommendationAttempt $attempt, string $verdict, string $reason): void
+    {
+        if (! in_array($verdict, ['approved', 'returned'], true) || mb_strlen(trim($reason)) < 10) {
+            $this->invalid('Registe uma conferência válida e fundamentada.');
+        }
+        DB::transaction(function () use ($actor, $attempt, $verdict, $reason) {
+            app(ConflictGuard::class)->lockCompany($actor);
+            $actor = app(CurrentActor::class)->lock($actor, [PurchasingRole::Finance, PurchasingRole::DepartmentHead]);
+            $original = RecommendationAdoption::query()->findOrFail($attempt->recommendation_adoption_id);
+            $request = $this->process($actor, $original->requisition_id);
+            $adoption = $this->adoption($request);
+            abort_unless($adoption && $this->eligible($actor, $request, $adoption, $attempt), 403);
+            $latest = RecommendationAttempt::query()->where('recommendation_adoption_id', $adoption->id)->latest('revision')->first();
+            $basis = $this->basis($request);
+            if ($attempt->recommendation_adoption_id !== $adoption->id || $latest?->id !== $attempt->id || ! $basis['ready'] || $basis['hash'] !== $attempt->basis_hash) {
+                $this->invalid('A base, adopção ou tentativa mudou. Prepare outra recomendação e novas conferências.');
+            }
+            $existing = RecommendationReview::query()->where('recommendation_attempt_id', $attempt->id)->where('reviewed_by', $actor->id)->first();
+            if ($existing) {
+                if ($existing->verdict !== $verdict || $existing->reason !== $reason) {
+                    $this->invalid('A conferência anterior é imutável.');
+                }
+
+                return;
+            }
+            if ($this->status($attempt, $adoption) !== 'pending') {
+                $this->invalid('A tentativa já foi concluída ou devolvida.');
+            }
+            if ($verdict === 'approved') {
+                foreach (RecommendationReview::query()->where('recommendation_attempt_id', $attempt->id)->where('verdict', 'approved')->get() as $review) {
+                    $reviewer = User::query()->where('tenant_id', $actor->tenant_id)->lockForUpdate()->find($review->reviewed_by);
+                    if (! $reviewer || ! $this->eligible($reviewer, $request, $adoption, $attempt)) {
+                        $this->invalid('Um conferente anterior deixou de ser elegível. Devolva e prepare outra tentativa.');
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            $review = RecommendationReview::query()->create(['tenant_id' => $actor->tenant_id, 'recommendation_attempt_id' => $attempt->id, 'reviewed_by' => $actor->id, 'verdict' => $verdict, 'reason' => $reason, 'snapshot' => $actor->only(['id', 'name', 'purchasing_role', 'department_id']), 'created_at' => now()]);
+            app(RequisitionWorkflow::class)->audit($actor, 'recommendation.reviewed', $request, null, $review->toArray());
+        });
+    }
+
+    /** @return array<string,mixed>|null */
+    public function selection(Requisition $request, int $quoteId): ?array
+    {
+        $adoption = $this->adoption($request);
+        if (! $adoption) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        $attempt = RecommendationAttempt::query()->where('recommendation_adoption_id', $adoption->id)->latest('revision')->first();
+        $basis = $this->basis($request);
+        if (! $attempt || $attempt->quotation_id !== $quoteId || ! $basis['ready'] || $basis['hash'] !== $attempt->basis_hash || $this->status($attempt, $adoption) !== 'confirmed') {
+            $this->invalid('A adjudicação exige a proposta da recomendação confirmada na base actual.');
+        }
+
+        return ['adoption_id' => $adoption->id, 'policy_id' => $adoption->recommendation_policy_id, 'attempt_id' => $attempt->id, 'quotation_id' => $quoteId, 'basis_hash' => $attempt->basis_hash, 'review_ids' => RecommendationReview::query()->where('recommendation_attempt_id', $attempt->id)->orderBy('id')->pluck('id')->all()];
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/Services/ProcurementReviewReport.php b/app/Services/ProcurementReviewReport.php
index 8b615fd..aa8b8fa 100644
--- a/app/Services/ProcurementReviewReport.php
+++ b/app/Services/ProcurementReviewReport.php
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ class ProcurementReviewReport
                 'comparison' => ['ready' => $comparison['ready'], 'top_count' => $comparison['ready'] ? count($comparison['top_ids']) : 0, 'rows' => $rows],
                 'qualification' => $qualification,
                 'admission' => app(FormalAdmission::class)->adoption($request)?->only(['id', 'revision', 'snapshot', 'reason']),
+                'recommendation' => app(FormalRecommendation::class)->adoption($request)?->only(['id', 'revision', 'snapshot', 'reason']),
                 'opening' => $opening ? [...$opening->only(['id', 'revision', 'reference']), 'source_changed' => $opening->basis_hash !== $basis] : null,
                 'award' => $award?->only(['id', 'status', 'total_minor']),
                 'order' => $order?->only(['id', 'number', 'currency', 'total_minor']),
diff --git a/app/Services/PurchaseWorkflow.php b/app/Services/PurchaseWorkflow.php
index ec96e31..587ba3b 100644
--- a/app/Services/PurchaseWorkflow.php
+++ b/app/Services/PurchaseWorkflow.php
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ class PurchaseWorkflow
             $quote = Quotation::query()->where('requisition_id', $requisition->id)->lockForUpdate()->findOrFail($data['quotation_id']);
             $result = $this->checkComparison($user, $requisition, $quote);
             $admission = app(FormalAdmission::class)->selection($requisition, $quote->id);
+            $recommendation = app(FormalRecommendation::class)->selection($requisition, $quote->id);
             $investment = app(InvestmentWorkflow::class)->check($requisition, $quote);
             app(BudgetWorkflow::class)->record($user, $requisition, 'award', $quote->total_minor, $quote->subtotal_minor);
             $award = PurchaseAward::query()->create([
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@ class PurchaseWorkflow
                 'approval_snapshot' => $rules, 'decision_matrix' => $result['rows'], 'comparison_hash' => $result['fingerprint'],
                 'investment_snapshot' => $investment,
                 'admission_snapshot' => $admission,
+                'recommendation_snapshot' => $recommendation,
             ]);
             $roles = $this->roles($rules, $rules['approval_includes_tax'] ? $quote->total_minor : $quote->subtotal_minor, $requisition->items()->where('purchase_type', 'equipment')->exists());
             foreach ($roles as $position => $role) {
@@ -152,6 +154,7 @@ class PurchaseWorkflow
                 'award' => [...$award->only(['id', 'justification', 'delivery_location']), 'delivery_date' => $deliveryDate],
                 'issuer' => $user->only(['id', 'name']), 'approval_rules' => $award->approval_snapshot,
                 'admission' => $award->admission_snapshot,
+                'recommendation' => $award->recommendation_snapshot,
                 'estimate_approvals' => $requisition->steps()->get()->toArray(),
                 'final_approvals' => $award->approvals()->get()->toArray(),
                 'decision_matrix' => $this->comparison->inspect($requisition)['rows'], 'items' => $lines,
@@ -186,6 +189,9 @@ class PurchaseWorkflow
         if (app(FormalAdmission::class)->selection($requisition, $quote->id) !== $award->admission_snapshot) {
             throw ValidationException::withMessages(['admission' => 'A base de admissão já não corresponde à adjudicação. Não se emite com outra base.']);
         }
+        if (app(FormalRecommendation::class)->selection($requisition, $quote->id) !== $award->recommendation_snapshot) {
+            throw ValidationException::withMessages(['recommendation' => 'A recomendação já não corresponde à base da adjudicação. Prepare a revisão autorizada antes de emitir.']);
+        }
         if ($result['fingerprint'] !== $award->comparison_hash || $award->approval_snapshot !== $rules ||
             $quote->subtotal_minor !== $award->subtotal_minor || $quote->tax_minor !== $award->tax_minor || $quote->total_minor !== $award->total_minor) {
             throw ValidationException::withMessages(['comparison' => 'A base da adjudicação mudou. As aprovações anteriores não autorizam a emissão com dados diferentes.']);
diff --git a/database/migrations/2026_10_28_000020_create_formal_recommendations.php b/database/migrations/2026_10_28_000020_create_formal_recommendations.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6441782
--- /dev/null
+++ b/database/migrations/2026_10_28_000020_create_formal_recommendations.php
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+<?php
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
+
+return new class extends Migration
+{
+    public function up(): void
+    {
+        Schema::create('recommendation_policies', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->id();
+            $table->foreignId('tenant_id')->constrained()->restrictOnDelete();
+            $table->foreignId('created_by')->constrained('users')->restrictOnDelete();
+            $table->unsignedInteger('revision');
+            $table->boolean('enabled');
+            $table->json('roles');
+            $table->unsignedInteger('required_count');
+            $table->text('reason');
+            $table->timestamp('created_at');
+            $table->unique(['tenant_id', 'revision']);
+        });
+        Schema::create('recommendation_adoptions', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->id();
+            $table->foreignId('tenant_id')->constrained()->restrictOnDelete();
+            $table->foreignId('requisition_id')->constrained()->restrictOnDelete();
+            $table->foreignId('recommendation_policy_id')->constrained()->restrictOnDelete();
+            $table->foreignId('created_by')->constrained('users')->restrictOnDelete();
+            $table->unsignedInteger('revision');
+            $table->json('snapshot');
+            $table->text('reason');
+            $table->timestamp('created_at');
+            $table->unique(['requisition_id', 'revision']);
+        });
+        Schema::create('recommendation_attempts', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->id();
+            $table->foreignId('tenant_id')->constrained()->restrictOnDelete();
+            $table->foreignId('recommendation_adoption_id')->constrained()->restrictOnDelete();
+            $table->foreignId('quotation_id')->constrained()->restrictOnDelete();
+            $table->foreignId('created_by')->constrained('users')->restrictOnDelete();
+            $table->unsignedInteger('revision');
+            $table->string('basis_hash', 64);
+            $table->json('snapshot');
+            $table->text('reason');
+            $table->timestamp('created_at');
+            $table->unique(['recommendation_adoption_id', 'revision'], 'recommendation_attempt_version_unique');
+        });
+        Schema::create('recommendation_reviews', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->id();
+            $table->foreignId('tenant_id')->constrained()->restrictOnDelete();
+            $table->foreignId('recommendation_attempt_id')->constrained()->restrictOnDelete();
+            $table->foreignId('reviewed_by')->constrained('users')->restrictOnDelete();
+            $table->string('verdict');
+            $table->text('reason');
+            $table->json('snapshot');
+            $table->timestamp('created_at');
+            $table->unique(['recommendation_attempt_id', 'reviewed_by']);
+        });
+        Schema::table('purchase_awards', fn (Blueprint $table) => $table->json('recommendation_snapshot')->nullable());
+    }
+
+    public function down(): void
+    {
+        throw new LogicException('Preservar políticas, adopções, decisões e conferências de recomendação.');
+    }
+};
diff --git a/docs/exemplos-orquestracao-compras.md b/docs/exemplos-orquestracao-compras.md
index 1c30d18..e052b73 100644
--- a/docs/exemplos-orquestracao-compras.md
+++ b/docs/exemplos-orquestracao-compras.md
@@ -5,9 +5,10 @@ planeamento acrescenta itens por empresa, responsáveis, marcos e datas
 previstas/realizadas, com ligação posterior às requisições. O registo documental
 opcional da abertura e actas por versão também foi implementado. Seguiram-se
 qualificação documental, relatório de conferência e admissão/exclusão por
-adopção expressa (`d020be5`). A recomendação formal está proposta para validação
-em `docs/proposta-recomendacao.md`, com demonstração em
-`/proposta/recomendacao`; não está activa na base de negócio. Avaliação em
+adopção expressa (`d020be5`). O âmbito de recomendação formal foi depois
+validado e implementado com política própria, adopção opcional e conferência
+independente antes da adjudicação, sem activar políticas reais. A demonstração
+`/proposta/recomendacao` continua separada do circuito autenticado. Avaliação em
 novas modalidades continua por implementar. Estes avanços não importam os
 processos históricos nem aprovam as regras de cancelamento de ordens emitidas.
 
@@ -73,8 +74,8 @@ comportamento dos processos existentes.
 
 A visão do processo, o planeamento e os marcos, a abertura, a qualificação
 documental e a admissão/exclusão já foram entregues como incrementos próprios.
-O próximo circuito proposto é a recomendação formal antes da adjudicação,
-sujeita à validação de âmbito e sem alterar a comparação ponderada existente.
+A recomendação formal antes da adjudicação também foi entregue após validação,
+sem alterar a comparação ponderada existente.
 Novas modalidades, métodos de classificação, correcções de preços e dispensas
 continuam a exigir definição explícita.
 
diff --git a/docs/proposta-recomendacao.md b/docs/proposta-recomendacao.md
index 5be6b41..427f2fb 100644
--- a/docs/proposta-recomendacao.md
+++ b/docs/proposta-recomendacao.md
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 # Proposta de âmbito para recomendação antes da adjudicação
 
-Estado: proposta para validação após a entrega de admissão/exclusão em
-`d020be5`. A demonstração `/proposta/recomendacao` não implementa uma nova
-decisão na base de negócio. Data: 28 de Outubro de 2026.
+Estado: âmbito validado pelo utilizador e implementado em 28 de Outubro de
+2026, após a entrega de admissão/exclusão em `d020be5`. O circuito real é
+opcional por empresa e por processo. A demonstração `/proposta/recomendacao`
+continua separada dos registos autenticados; nenhuma política real foi
+publicada nesta entrega.
 
-## Resultado preparado para revisão
+## Demonstração preparada antes da validação
 
 Uma proposta navegável, com cabeçalho, rodapé e menus partilhados do Sistema
 de Gestão de Compras (SGC), permite simular:
@@ -25,7 +27,7 @@ página não autentica outra pessoa e não demonstra segregação efectiva. As
 pontuações ilustram decisões de interface; não constituem um novo algoritmo
 de comparação. Não se reutilizam nomes ou valores dos exemplos históricos.
 
-## Circuito inicial proposto para o produto
+## Circuito inicial validado para o produto
 
 1. Administração da empresa activa uma política de recomendação versionada,
    com fundamento, perfis autorizados e quantidade de pessoas distintas.
@@ -98,7 +100,7 @@ decisões empresariais continuam a pertencer a cada aderente.
 - Tornar a recomendação obrigatória em todos os processos ou activar
   políticas reais por conta das empresas durante o desenvolvimento.
 
-## Verificações exigidas para a futura implementação
+## Verificações da implementação
 
 Isolamento e privacidade, identidade relida no servidor, autoria, segregação,
 perfil/departamento revogado, quórum sem duplicações, conflitos, matriz
@@ -108,20 +110,24 @@ rollback de auditoria, vínculo à adjudicação/emissão e concorrência
 PostgreSQL com processos independentes. Uma demonstração local não substitui
 estas verificações do circuito autenticado.
 
-## Validação necessária antes de implementar o circuito real
+## Validação recebida e activação
 
-Validar **recomendação manual por Compras, conferências independentes em
+O utilizador validou **recomendação manual por Compras, conferências independentes em
 quantidade/perfis definidos pela empresa, regime opcional por adopção
 expressa após admissão e vínculo à adjudicação da proposta recomendada**.
 
-A orientação de continuidade determina: «definir com a empresa o próximo
-âmbito pendente antes de o implementar», em
-`docs/orientacoes-continuidade.md`. A validação anterior autorizou admissão
-e exclusão; não definiu uma etapa de recomendação com estes efeitos. A
-implementação do circuito real aguarda a validação deste âmbito. As
-alterações locais dos três documentos de continuidade ficam preservadas.
+A Administração pode configurar `/politica-recomendacao`; Compras adopta a
+versão activa em `/requisicoes/{requisition}/recomendacao`, após adopção do
+regime de admissão e antes da adjudicação. Perfis e quantidade são escolhas
+expressas da empresa. O limite de 50 no formulário é técnico, sem quórum
+empresarial predefinido. A empresa deve assegurar pessoas elegíveis em número
+suficiente. Consultar `docs/validacao-tecnica.md` para resultados e limitações.
 
-## Verificações desta preparação
+A validação é do âmbito do produto; não publica políticas por conta das
+aderentes. As alterações locais dos três documentos de continuidade foram
+preservadas.
+
+## Histórico: verificações da preparação da demonstração
 
 Passaram os 18 testes de entrada e consulta pública, com 290 asserções,
 PHPStan, Pint, TypeScript, build e lint/formatação do âmbito. O acesso HTTP
diff --git a/docs/recomendacao-concorrencia-postgresql.json b/docs/recomendacao-concorrencia-postgresql.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32e1985
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/recomendacao-concorrencia-postgresql.json
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+{
+    "tested_at_utc": "2026-10-28T18:42:31+00:00",
+    "separate_database": true,
+    "transport": "Independent PHP service transactions and PostgreSQL connections",
+    "scenarios": [
+        {
+            "name": "same_person",
+            "passed": true,
+            "overlapping_lock_waits": 2,
+            "reviews": 1,
+            "state": "pending",
+            "attempts": 1,
+            "awards": 0
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "distinct_people",
+            "passed": true,
+            "overlapping_lock_waits": 2,
+            "reviews": 2,
+            "state": "confirmed",
+            "attempts": 1,
+            "awards": 0
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "opposing_reviews",
+            "passed": true,
+            "overlapping_lock_waits": 2,
+            "reviews": 1,
+            "state": "pending",
+            "attempts": 1,
+            "awards": 0
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "revoked_role",
+            "passed": true,
+            "overlapping_lock_waits": 2,
+            "reviews": 0,
+            "state": "pending",
+            "attempts": 1,
+            "awards": 0
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "changed_basis",
+            "passed": true,
+            "overlapping_lock_waits": 2,
+            "reviews": 0,
+            "state": "pending",
+            "attempts": 1,
+            "awards": 0
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "new_adoption",
+            "passed": true,
+            "overlapping_lock_waits": 2,
+            "reviews": 0,
+            "state": "pending",
+            "attempts": 1,
+            "awards": 0
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "competing_attempts",
+            "passed": true,
+            "overlapping_lock_waits": 2,
+            "reviews": 0,
+            "state": "pending",
+            "attempts": 2,
+            "awards": 0
+        },
+        {
+            "name": "recommendation_versus_award",
+            "passed": true,
+            "overlapping_lock_waits": 2,
+            "reviews": 2,
+            "state": "confirmed",
+            "attempts": 2,
+            "awards": 0
+        }
+    ],
+    "passed": true,
+    "test_database_dropped": true
+}
diff --git a/docs/recomendacao-migracao-000020.json b/docs/recomendacao-migracao-000020.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f599584
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/recomendacao-migracao-000020.json
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+{
+    "verified_at_utc": "2026-10-28T18:45:44+00:00",
+    "migration": "2026_10_28_000020_create_formal_recommendations",
+    "batch": 21,
+    "backup_created": true,
+    "backup_bytes": 326150,
+    "restore_verified": true,
+    "restored_tables": 61,
+    "restore_database_dropped": true,
+    "business_records_unchanged": true,
+    "existing_constraints_preserved": true,
+    "env_unchanged": true,
+    "recommendation_policies_count": 0,
+    "recommendation_adoptions_count": 0,
+    "operational_validation": false
+}
diff --git a/docs/validacao-tecnica.md b/docs/validacao-tecnica.md
index 0a86717..21e0bc2 100644
--- a/docs/validacao-tecnica.md
+++ b/docs/validacao-tecnica.md
@@ -1,5 +1,103 @@
 # Validação técnica do SGC — 28 de Outubro de 2026
 
+## Incremento: recomendação formal antes da adjudicação
+
+O âmbito de `docs/proposta-recomendacao.md` foi validado pelo utilizador e
+implementado. A Administração configura uma política própria de recomendação
+em `/politica-recomendacao`, com perfis Finanças e/ou chefia do departamento,
+quantidade de pessoas distintas, activação e fundamento expressos. Não há
+perfis ou quantidade inicialmente seleccionados. O máximo de 50 confirmações
+é um limite técnico e não define um quórum empresarial.
+
+Compras adopta a versão activa em `/requisicoes/{requisition}/recomendacao`,
+num pedido aprovado que já adoptou o regime de admissão, antes de adjudicar.
+Sem essa adopção, mantém-se o circuito existente. Uma versão geral nova ou
+desactivada não reescreve processos; a desactivação impede novas adopções.
+Trocar a versão aplicável exige adopção expressa e novas tentativas e
+conferências. Uma política de admissão não autoriza, por si, a recomendação.
+
+A recomendação exige matriz pronta, admissões confirmadas na base actual,
+três fornecedores distintos elegíveis e duas avaliações por proposta, sem
+alteração do cálculo ponderado existente. Compras, diferente do solicitante,
+escolhe expressamente entre as maiores pontuações e fundamenta, incluindo em
+empate. Não há desempate automático, dispensa do mínimo, escolha abaixo da
+maior pontuação ou autorização para corrigir preços.
+
+Cada tentativa preserva matriz, propostas/linhas, avaliações, referências e
+bases das admissões/requisitos/análises, conferências, política e proponente.
+Os dados de contacto ou documentos privados dos fornecedores não entram na
+matriz preservada. Uma nova tentativa é imutável e não herda confirmações.
+Uma devolução encerra a tentativa sem excluir o concorrente ou cancelar o
+processo. Conferências repetidas idênticas são idempotentes e contam uma vez.
+Identidades, empresa, perfil, departamento, segregação e conflitos são
+revalidados dentro da transacção, após o bloqueio da empresa. As confirmações
+anteriores são revalidadas até concluir o quórum; a história concluída conserva
+a elegibilidade verificada na sua data, sem autorizar futuras operações com
+perfil revogado. Uma pessoa não conta duas vezes após mudar de perfil.
+
+Nos processos com adopção, a adjudicação só selecciona a mesma proposta de
+uma recomendação confirmada na base actual. A referência e a base ficam
+preservadas na adjudicação e na ordem; são revalidadas antes de aprovar/emitir.
+Uma alteração de avaliação ou uma nova admissão pode invalidar a recomendação
+mesmo mantendo preços e pontuações. Não se reescrevem adjudicações/ordens
+anteriores. Existindo adjudicação, a adopção e as tentativas/conferências
+ficam fechadas; alterações exigem o circuito de revisão já suportado, quando
+autorizado. A repetição de uma emissão concluída devolve a mesma ordem.
+Recomendar não movimenta orçamento nem substitui as aprovações do valor final,
+regras de investimento, conflitos, facturas ou pagamentos.
+
+As páginas usam o cabeçalho, rodapé, menus e identificação Sistema de Gestão
+de Compras (SGC). Comparação, adjudicação e processo completo ligam ao novo
+circuito; o processo apresenta os eventos de auditoria. O relatório de
+conferência assinala a adopção e remete para o relatório preservado da
+recomendação. A impressão autenticada em `/recomendacoes/{attempt}/imprimir`
+mostra matriz/base originais, candidata, fundamentos, conferências, devoluções
+e tentativas anteriores da mesma adopção, distinguindo dados históricos da
+situação actual. As restantes adopções são consultáveis na página do processo.
+O conteúdo é escapado e a resposta é `private, no-store`. Em PostgreSQL, a
+impressão usa `REPEATABLE READ, READ ONLY`, relendo o operador; não cria
+auditoria nem outros registos. Não é uma assinatura digital ou certificação
+das evidências. A revisão visual da paginação continua pendente.
+
+Resultado da bateria completa: **498 testes aprovados, 2 ignorados, 4141
+asserções**. Inclui **17 cenários de recomendação**, com percurso genuíno até
+adjudicação/emissão, empate e escolha da proposta empatada, escolha abaixo
+da maior pontuação, matriz incompleta, admissão pendente/nova, mudanças de
+base, devolução, repetição, perfis/departamentos revogados, mesma identidade
+em perfis diferentes, política preservada, circuito sem adopção, segregação,
+isolamento, relatório histórico sem escrita, escape de conteúdo e rollback
+de auditoria de tentativa/conferência.
+
+Passaram **8 cenários PostgreSQL**, com processos PHP e ligações independentes
+e dois bloqueios simultâneos observados em cada cenário: mesma pessoa,
+pessoas distintas, respostas opostas, perfil revogado, avaliação alterada,
+nova adopção durante a espera, tentativas concorrentes e nova recomendação
+versus adjudicação. Conferiram-se quórum, versões, auditoria e vínculo à
+tentativa; a base de teste foi eliminada. O resultado está em
+`docs/recomendacao-concorrencia-postgresql.json`. Não se afirma que foram
+observadas todas as ordens possíveis de escalonamento ou testada corrida de
+impressão/emissão nesta bateria.
+
+Migração `000020`, lote **21**, aplicada em `compras_dev` após backup privado
+de **326150 bytes**, verificado por restauro numa base separada e eliminada
+depois da conferência. As **61 tabelas anteriores**, os registos de negócio
+por projecção das colunas originais, restrições existentes, histórico de
+migrações e `.env` foram preservados. São quatro tabelas novas e um campo
+JSON anulável na adjudicação. As quatro tabelas reais de recomendação estão
+vazias; não houve publicação de políticas, seeds ou compras reais. O relatório
+sanitizado está em `docs/recomendacao-migracao-000020.json`; backup e manifesto
+continuam privados e fora do Git. O rollback destrutivo automático é impedido.
+
+Pint, PHPStan, TypeScript, build e lint/formatação do âmbito passaram. A
+formatação global de `docs/compatibilidade.md`, alteração local alheia, continua
+pendente e fora do commit, juntamente com as alterações de desenvolvimento e
+continuidade preservadas. O navegador voltou a devolver `The browser access
+host is unavailable`: permanecem pendentes revisão visual pública, autenticada,
+de impressão e interacções no navegador. Validação operacional integral das
+empresas, novas modalidades/métodos de avaliação, dispensas, comunicação
+externa, cancelamento de ordens emitidas, estornos/devoluções e agregação por
+projecto/fraccionamento não são declarados concluídos por esta entrega.
+
 ## Preparação: proposta de recomendação formal
 
 Após `d020be5`, foi preparada `/proposta/recomendacao`, ligada ao menu
diff --git a/resources/js/components/sgc-shell.tsx b/resources/js/components/sgc-shell.tsx
index 68fdea9..caf7494 100644
--- a/resources/js/components/sgc-shell.tsx
+++ b/resources/js/components/sgc-shell.tsx
@@ -94,6 +94,12 @@ const groups: { label: string; entries: Entry[] }[] = [
                 demo: '/proposta/admissao',
                 roles: ['admin'],
             },
+            {
+                label: 'Política de recomendação',
+                path: '/politica-recomendacao',
+                demo: '',
+                roles: ['admin'],
+            },
         ],
     },
     {
diff --git a/resources/js/pages/purchases/award.tsx b/resources/js/pages/purchases/award.tsx
index 0df1b35..608bd80 100644
--- a/resources/js/pages/purchases/award.tsx
+++ b/resources/js/pages/purchases/award.tsx
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ type Props = {
     canDecide: boolean;
     canIssue: boolean;
     order: { id: number; number: string } | null;
+    recommendation: { adopted: boolean; quotation_id: number | null };
 };
 export default function Award({
     requisition,
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ export default function Award({
     canDecide,
     canIssue,
     order,
+    recommendation,
 }: Props) {
     const selection = useForm({
         quotation_id: '',
@@ -127,6 +129,19 @@ export default function Award({
                         </table>
                     </div>
                 </Panel>
+                <p className="text-sm">
+                    {recommendation.adopted
+                        ? recommendation.quotation_id
+                            ? 'Regime de recomendação adoptado: a selecção deve coincidir com a proposta recomendada.'
+                            : 'Conclua uma recomendação actual antes de seleccionar a adjudicação.'
+                        : 'Sem adopção do regime de recomendação: mantém-se o circuito existente.'}{' '}
+                    <Link
+                        className="underline"
+                        href={`/requisicoes/${requisition.id}/recomendacao`}
+                    >
+                        Consultar recomendação
+                    </Link>
+                </p>
                 {canSelect && (
                     <Panel
                         title="Seleccionar proposta"
@@ -160,8 +175,14 @@ export default function Award({
                                         Seleccione uma proposta no topo
                                     </option>
                                     {comparison.rows
-                                        .filter((q) =>
-                                            comparison.top_ids.includes(q.id),
+                                        .filter(
+                                            (q) =>
+                                                comparison.top_ids.includes(
+                                                    q.id,
+                                                ) &&
+                                                (!recommendation.adopted ||
+                                                    recommendation.quotation_id ===
+                                                        q.id),
                                         )
                                         .map((q) => (
                                             <option key={q.id} value={q.id}>
diff --git a/resources/js/pages/purchases/process.tsx b/resources/js/pages/purchases/process.tsx
index cd6123b..756dbc1 100644
--- a/resources/js/pages/purchases/process.tsx
+++ b/resources/js/pages/purchases/process.tsx
@@ -53,6 +53,10 @@ const events: Record<string, string> = {
     'admission.adopted': 'Política de admissão adoptada expressamente',
     'admission.proposed': 'Tentativa de decisão de admissão registada',
     'admission.reviewed': 'Conferência independente de admissão registada',
+    'recommendation.adopted': 'Política de recomendação adoptada expressamente',
+    'recommendation.proposed': 'Tentativa de recomendação registada',
+    'recommendation.reviewed':
+        'Conferência independente da recomendação registada',
     'opening.recorded': 'Versão da acta de abertura registada',
     'requisition.created': 'Requisição criada',
     'requisition.updated': 'Requisição actualizada',
@@ -276,16 +280,18 @@ export default function PurchaseProcess({
                         </p>
                     )}
                 </Panel>
-                <Panel
-                    title="Etapas previstas no roteiro"
-                    description="Ainda não implementadas. Não são tarefas obrigatórias deste pedido e não indicam validação concluída."
-                >
-                    <ul className="grid gap-2 text-sm text-muted-foreground sm:grid-cols-2">
-                        {future.map((stage) => (
-                            <li key={stage}>{stage}</li>
-                        ))}
-                    </ul>
-                </Panel>
+                {future.length > 0 && (
+                    <Panel
+                        title="Etapas previstas no roteiro"
+                        description="Ainda não implementadas. Não são tarefas obrigatórias deste pedido e não indicam validação concluída."
+                    >
+                        <ul className="grid gap-2 text-sm text-muted-foreground sm:grid-cols-2">
+                            {future.map((stage) => (
+                                <li key={stage}>{stage}</li>
+                            ))}
+                        </ul>
+                    </Panel>
+                )}
             </div>
         </>
     );
diff --git a/resources/js/pages/purchases/recommendation-policy.tsx b/resources/js/pages/purchases/recommendation-policy.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c120bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/resources/js/pages/purchases/recommendation-policy.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+import { Head, Link, useForm } from '@inertiajs/react';
+import { FormErrors, PageTitle, Panel } from '@/components/procurement';
+import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
+import { Input } from '@/components/ui/input';
+import { Label } from '@/components/ui/label';
+import { date, roleLabels } from '@/types/procurement';
+
+type Policy = {
+    id: number;
+    revision: number;
+    enabled: boolean;
+    roles: string[];
+    required_count: number;
+    reason: string;
+    created_at: string;
+};
+type Props = {
+    latest: Policy | null;
+    policies: {
+        data: Policy[];
+        prev_page_url: string | null;
+        next_page_url: string | null;
+    };
+};
+export default function RecommendationPolicy({ latest, policies }: Props) {
+    return (
+        <PolicyForm key={latest?.id ?? 0} latest={latest} policies={policies} />
+    );
+}
+
+function PolicyForm({ latest, policies }: Props) {
+    const form = useForm({
+        previous_id: latest?.id ?? 0,
+        enabled: false,
+        roles: [] as string[],
+        required_count: '',
+        reason: '',
+    });
+    return (
+        <>
+            <Head title="Política de recomendação" />
+            <div className="mx-auto flex max-w-7xl flex-col gap-6 p-5 lg:p-8">
+                <PageTitle
+                    eyebrow="Configuração da empresa"
+                    title="Política de recomendação"
+                    description="Sistema de Gestão de Compras (SGC) · Configuração da empresa"
+                />
+                <Panel title="Nova versão da política">
+                    <p className="mb-4 text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+                        Defina os perfis e a quantidade de pessoas distintas.
+                        Activar permite novas adopções expressas pelos
+                        processos; desactivar impede novas adopções. As versões
+                        já adoptadas mantêm-se. O limite técnico de 50
+                        confirmações não define uma regra da empresa.
+                    </p>
+                    <form
+                        className="space-y-4"
+                        onSubmit={(e) => {
+                            e.preventDefault();
+                            form.post('/politica-recomendacao');
+                        }}
+                    >
+                        <FormErrors errors={form.errors} />
+                        <Label className="flex items-center gap-2">
+                            <input
+                                type="checkbox"
+                                checked={form.data.enabled}
+                                onChange={(e) =>
+                                    form.setData('enabled', e.target.checked)
+                                }
+                            />
+                            Activar para novas adopções
+                        </Label>
+                        <fieldset className="space-y-2">
+                            <legend className="mb-2 text-sm font-medium">
+                                Perfis autorizados a conferir
+                            </legend>
+                            {['finance', 'department_head'].map((role) => (
+                                <Label
+                                    key={role}
+                                    className="flex items-center gap-2"
+                                >
+                                    <input
+                                        type="checkbox"
+                                        checked={form.data.roles.includes(role)}
+                                        onChange={(e) =>
+                                            form.setData(
+                                                'roles',
+                                                e.target.checked
+                                                    ? [...form.data.roles, role]
+                                                    : form.data.roles.filter(
+                                                          (r) => r !== role,
+                                                      ),
+                                            )
+                                        }
+                                    />
+                                    {roleLabels[role] ?? role}
+                                    {role === 'department_head' &&
+                                        ' do departamento do processo'}
+                                </Label>
+                            ))}
+                        </fieldset>
+                        <div className="space-y-2">
+                            <Label htmlFor="required-count">
+                                Quantidade de pessoas distintas exigida
+                            </Label>
+                            <Input
+                                id="required-count"
+                                type="number"
+                                min={1}
+                                max={50}
+                                required
+                                value={form.data.required_count}
+                                onChange={(e) =>
+                                    form.setData(
+                                        'required_count',
+                                        e.target.value,
+                                    )
+                                }
+                            />
+                        </div>
+                        <div className="space-y-2">
+                            <Label htmlFor="policy-reason">
+                                Fundamento desta versão
+                            </Label>
+                            <textarea
+                                id="policy-reason"
+                                className="min-h-24 w-full rounded-md border p-3"
+                                required
+                                minLength={10}
+                                maxLength={4000}
+                                value={form.data.reason}
+                                onChange={(e) =>
+                                    form.setData('reason', e.target.value)
+                                }
+                            />
+                        </div>
+                        <Button disabled={form.processing}>
+                            Registar versão {latest ? latest.revision + 1 : 1}
+                        </Button>
+                    </form>
+                </Panel>
+                <Panel title="Versões preservadas">
+                    <div className="space-y-4">
+                        {policies.data.length === 0 && (
+                            <p>A empresa ainda não definiu uma política.</p>
+                        )}
+                        {policies.data.map((p) => (
+                            <article
+                                key={p.id}
+                                className="rounded-md border p-4"
+                            >
+                                <h2 className="font-semibold">
+                                    Versão {p.revision} ·{' '}
+                                    {p.enabled ? 'Activada' : 'Desactivada'} ·{' '}
+                                    {date(p.created_at)}
+                                </h2>
+                                <p>
+                                    {p.required_count} pessoa(s) ·{' '}
+                                    {p.roles
+                                        .map((r) => roleLabels[r] ?? r)
+                                        .join(', ')}
+                                </p>
+                                <p className="text-sm whitespace-pre-wrap">
+                                    {p.reason}
+                                </p>
+                            </article>
+                        ))}
+                        <div className="flex gap-4">
+                            {policies.prev_page_url && (
+                                <Link href={policies.prev_page_url}>
+                                    Anteriores
+                                </Link>
+                            )}
+                            {policies.next_page_url && (
+                                <Link href={policies.next_page_url}>
+                                    Seguintes
+                                </Link>
+                            )}
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                </Panel>
+            </div>
+        </>
+    );
+}
diff --git a/resources/js/pages/purchases/recommendation.tsx b/resources/js/pages/purchases/recommendation.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c57e754
--- /dev/null
+++ b/resources/js/pages/purchases/recommendation.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,508 @@
+import { Head, Link, router, useForm } from '@inertiajs/react';
+import {
+    FormErrors,
+    PageTitle,
+    Panel,
+    controlClass,
+} from '@/components/procurement';
+import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
+import { Label } from '@/components/ui/label';
+import { date, roleLabels } from '@/types/procurement';
+
+type Adoption = {
+    id: number;
+    revision: number;
+    recommendation_policy_id: number;
+    reason: string;
+    snapshot: {
+        roles: string[];
+        required_count: number;
+        policy_revision: number;
+    };
+};
+type Row = {
+    id: number;
+    reference: string;
+    supplier_name: string;
+    currency: string;
+    total_minor: number;
+    score_minor: number | null;
+    eligible: boolean;
+    ineligibility_reasons: string[];
+    evaluation_count: number;
+};
+type Review = {
+    id: number;
+    verdict: string;
+    reason: string;
+    created_at: string;
+    snapshot: { name: string; purchasing_role: string };
+};
+type Attempt = {
+    id: number;
+    revision: number;
+    quotation_id: number;
+    reason: string;
+    status: string;
+    current: boolean;
+    canReview: boolean;
+    created_at: string;
+    basis_hash: string;
+    snapshot: { proponent: { name: string }; basis: { rows: Row[] } };
+    reviews: Review[];
+};
+type Props = {
+    requisition: { id: number; number: string };
+    policy: { id: number; revision: number; enabled: boolean } | null;
+    adoption: Adoption | null;
+    selected: Adoption | null;
+    adoptions: Adoption[];
+    hasAdmission: boolean;
+    basis: { hash: string; ready: boolean; top_ids: number[]; rows: Row[] };
+    previousId: number;
+    history: {
+        data: Attempt[];
+        prev_page_url: string | null;
+        next_page_url: string | null;
+    };
+    canAdopt: boolean;
+    canPropose: boolean;
+    closed: boolean;
+};
+const statuses: Record<string, string> = {
+    pending: 'A aguardar conferência',
+    confirmed: 'Recomendação confirmada',
+    returned: 'Tentativa devolvida',
+};
+const amount = (minor: number) =>
+    (minor / 100).toLocaleString('pt-PT', {
+        minimumFractionDigits: 2,
+        maximumFractionDigits: 2,
+    });
+function Reason({
+    id,
+    value,
+    onChange,
+}: {
+    id: string;
+    value: string;
+    onChange: (value: string) => void;
+}) {
+    return (
+        <div className="space-y-2">
+            <Label htmlFor={id}>Fundamento</Label>
+            <textarea
+                id={id}
+                required
+                minLength={10}
+                maxLength={4000}
+                className="min-h-24 w-full rounded-lg border p-3 text-sm"
+                value={value}
+                onChange={(e) => onChange(e.target.value)}
+            />
+        </div>
+    );
+}
+function Adopt({
+    requisition,
+    policy,
+    adoption,
+    hasAdmission,
+}: Pick<Props, 'requisition' | 'policy' | 'adoption' | 'hasAdmission'>) {
+    const form = useForm({
+        policy_id: policy?.id ?? 0,
+        previous_id: adoption?.id ?? 0,
+        reason: '',
+    });
+    if (!hasAdmission)
+        return (
+            <p>
+                É necessário adoptar expressamente o regime de admissão antes da
+                recomendação.
+            </p>
+        );
+    if (!policy?.enabled)
+        return (
+            <p>
+                A empresa ainda não disponibilizou uma política activa de
+                recomendação.
+            </p>
+        );
+    if (adoption?.recommendation_policy_id === policy.id)
+        return <p>O processo já adoptou a versão activa.</p>;
+    return (
+        <form
+            className="space-y-4"
+            onSubmit={(e) => {
+                e.preventDefault();
+                form.post(
+                    `/requisicoes/${requisition.id}/recomendacao/adoptar`,
+                );
+            }}
+        >
+            <FormErrors errors={form.errors} />
+            <p>
+                Adoptar expressamente a política de recomendação versão{' '}
+                {policy.revision}. Uma nova adopção exige novas tentativas e
+                conferências.
+            </p>
+            <Reason
+                id="recommendation-adopt-reason"
+                value={form.data.reason}
+                onChange={(v) => form.setData('reason', v)}
+            />
+            <Button disabled={form.processing}>
+                Adoptar política neste processo
+            </Button>
+        </form>
+    );
+}
+function Propose({
+    requisition,
+    basis,
+    previousId,
+}: Pick<Props, 'requisition' | 'basis' | 'previousId'>) {
+    const form = useForm({
+        previous_id: previousId,
+        basis_hash: basis.hash,
+        quotation_id: '',
+        reason: '',
+    });
+    return (
+        <form
+            className="space-y-4"
+            onSubmit={(e) => {
+                e.preventDefault();
+                form.post(
+                    `/requisicoes/${requisition.id}/recomendacao/tentativas`,
+                );
+            }}
+        >
+            <FormErrors errors={form.errors} />
+            <div className="space-y-2">
+                <Label htmlFor="recommendation-candidate">
+                    Proposta a recomendar
+                </Label>
+                <select
+                    id="recommendation-candidate"
+                    className={controlClass}
+                    required
+                    value={form.data.quotation_id}
+                    onChange={(e) =>
+                        form.setData('quotation_id', e.target.value)
+                    }
+                >
+                    <option value="">Seleccione expressamente</option>
+                    {basis.rows
+                        .filter((row) => basis.top_ids.includes(row.id))
+                        .map((row) => (
+                            <option key={row.id} value={row.id}>
+                                {row.supplier_name} · {row.reference}
+                            </option>
+                        ))}
+                </select>
+            </div>
+            <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+                A escolha deve pertencer às maiores pontuações. Em empate,
+                fundamente a escolha entre as empatadas. Uma nova tentativa
+                preserva a anterior e começa sem conferências.
+            </p>
+            <Reason
+                id="recommendation-propose-reason"
+                value={form.data.reason}
+                onChange={(v) => form.setData('reason', v)}
+            />
+            <Button disabled={form.processing}>
+                Registar nova tentativa de recomendação
+            </Button>
+        </form>
+    );
+}
+function Confer({ attempt }: { attempt: Attempt }) {
+    const form = useForm({ verdict: '', reason: '' });
+    return (
+        <form
+            className="mt-4 space-y-4"
+            onSubmit={(e) => {
+                e.preventDefault();
+                form.post(`/recomendacoes/${attempt.id}/conferir`);
+            }}
+        >
+            <FormErrors errors={form.errors} />
+            <div className="space-y-2">
+                <Label htmlFor={`recommendation-review-${attempt.id}`}>
+                    Conferência independente
+                </Label>
+                <select
+                    id={`recommendation-review-${attempt.id}`}
+                    className={controlClass}
+                    required
+                    value={form.data.verdict}
+                    onChange={(e) => form.setData('verdict', e.target.value)}
+                >
+                    <option value="">Seleccione</option>
+                    <option value="approved">Confirmar a recomendação</option>
+                    <option value="returned">Devolver esta tentativa</option>
+                </select>
+            </div>
+            <Reason
+                id={`recommendation-review-reason-${attempt.id}`}
+                value={form.data.reason}
+                onChange={(v) => form.setData('reason', v)}
+            />
+            <Button disabled={form.processing}>Registar conferência</Button>
+        </form>
+    );
+}
+function Matrix({ rows, topIds }: { rows: Row[]; topIds?: number[] }) {
+    return (
+        <div className="overflow-x-auto">
+            <table className="w-full text-left text-sm">
+                <thead className="border-b">
+                    <tr>
+                        <th className="p-2">Fornecedor e proposta</th>
+                        <th className="p-2">Total</th>
+                        <th className="p-2">Avaliações elegíveis</th>
+                        <th className="p-2">Pontuação / 10</th>
+                        <th className="p-2">Situação</th>
+                    </tr>
+                </thead>
+                <tbody>
+                    {rows.map((row) => (
+                        <tr key={row.id} className="border-b">
+                            <td className="p-2">
+                                {row.supplier_name} · {row.reference}
+                            </td>
+                            <td className="p-2 whitespace-nowrap">
+                                {amount(row.total_minor)} {row.currency}
+                            </td>
+                            <td className="p-2">{row.evaluation_count}</td>
+                            <td className="p-2">
+                                {row.score_minor === null
+                                    ? 'Por concluir'
+                                    : amount(row.score_minor)}
+                            </td>
+                            <td className="p-2">
+                                {row.eligible
+                                    ? 'Elegível na comparação'
+                                    : row.ineligibility_reasons.join(' ')}
+                                {topIds?.includes(row.id) &&
+                                    ' · Maior pontuação'}
+                            </td>
+                        </tr>
+                    ))}
+                </tbody>
+            </table>
+        </div>
+    );
+}
+export default function Recommendation(props: Props) {
+    const {
+        requisition,
+        policy,
+        adoption,
+        selected,
+        adoptions,
+        basis,
+        previousId,
+        history,
+        canAdopt,
+        canPropose,
+        closed,
+        hasAdmission,
+    } = props;
+    const base = `/requisicoes/${requisition.id}`;
+    return (
+        <>
+            <Head title={`Recomendação · ${requisition.number}`} />
+            <div className="mx-auto flex max-w-7xl flex-col gap-6 p-5 lg:p-8">
+                <PageTitle
+                    eyebrow="Compras"
+                    title={`Recomendação · ${requisition.number}`}
+                    description="Sistema de Gestão de Compras (SGC) · Decisão fundamentada antes da adjudicação"
+                />
+                <nav className="flex flex-wrap gap-4 text-sm underline">
+                    <Link href={`${base}/processo`}>Processo completo</Link>
+                    <Link href={`${base}/admissao`}>Admissão</Link>
+                    <Link href={`${base}/cotacoes`}>Comparação</Link>
+                    <Link href={`${base}/adjudicacao`}>Adjudicação</Link>
+                </nav>
+                <Panel title="Regime do processo">
+                    <p className="mb-4">
+                        {adoption
+                            ? `Adopção ${adoption.revision} · política ${adoption.snapshot.policy_revision} · ${adoption.snapshot.required_count} pessoas distintas · ${adoption.snapshot.roles.map((r) => roleLabels[r] ?? r).join(', ')}.`
+                            : 'Sem adopção do regime de recomendação: mantém-se o circuito existente.'}
+                    </p>
+                    <p className="mb-4 text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+                        A recomendação não autoriza compra nem substitui
+                        orçamento ou aprovações do valor final. Conserva o
+                        cálculo ponderado e os mínimos existentes de três
+                        fornecedores elegíveis e duas avaliações por proposta.
+                    </p>
+                    {closed && (
+                        <p>
+                            Existindo adjudicação, o processo está fechado para
+                            novas adopções, tentativas e conferências. Uma base
+                            alterada exige o circuito de revisão autorizado.
+                        </p>
+                    )}
+                    {canAdopt && (
+                        <Adopt
+                            key={`${policy?.id}-${adoption?.id}`}
+                            requisition={requisition}
+                            policy={policy}
+                            adoption={adoption}
+                            hasAdmission={hasAdmission}
+                        />
+                    )}
+                </Panel>
+                <Panel title="Comparação actual">
+                    <p className="mb-4 text-sm">
+                        {basis.ready
+                            ? 'Matriz pronta para recomendação fundamentada.'
+                            : 'Resolva a admissão ou os impedimentos da comparação antes de recomendar.'}{' '}
+                        Os valores desta matriz são os actuais; cada tentativa
+                        conserva a sua própria base.
+                    </p>
+                    <Matrix
+                        rows={basis.rows}
+                        topIds={basis.ready ? basis.top_ids : []}
+                    />
+                </Panel>
+                {adoptions.length > 0 && (
+                    <Panel title="Histórico de adopções">
+                        <Label htmlFor="recommendation-adoption-version">
+                            Versão consultada
+                        </Label>
+                        <select
+                            id="recommendation-adoption-version"
+                            className={`${controlClass} mt-2`}
+                            value={selected?.id ?? ''}
+                            onChange={(e) =>
+                                router.get(`${base}/recomendacao`, {
+                                    version: e.target.value,
+                                })
+                            }
+                        >
+                            {adoptions.map((a) => (
+                                <option key={a.id} value={a.id}>
+                                    Adopção {a.revision} · política{' '}
+                                    {a.snapshot.policy_revision}
+                                    {a.id === adoption?.id
+                                        ? ' · actual'
+                                        : ' · histórica'}
+                                </option>
+                            ))}
+                        </select>
+                        <p className="mt-3 text-sm whitespace-pre-wrap">
+                            {selected?.reason}
+                        </p>
+                    </Panel>
+                )}
+                {canPropose && (
+                    <Panel title="Proposta manual por Compras">
+                        <Propose
+                            key={`${selected?.id}-${previousId}-${basis.hash}`}
+                            requisition={requisition}
+                            basis={basis}
+                            previousId={previousId}
+                        />
+                    </Panel>
+                )}
+                <Panel title="Tentativas e conferências">
+                    <div className="space-y-5">
+                        {history.data.length === 0 && (
+                            <p>Sem tentativas nesta adopção.</p>
+                        )}
+                        {history.data.map((attempt) => (
+                            <article
+                                className="rounded-lg border p-4"
+                                key={attempt.id}
+                            >
+                                <h2 className="font-semibold">
+                                    Tentativa {attempt.revision} ·{' '}
+                                    {
+                                        attempt.snapshot.basis.rows.find(
+                                            (row) =>
+                                                row.id === attempt.quotation_id,
+                                        )?.supplier_name
+                                    }{' '}
+                                    · {statuses[attempt.status]}
+                                </h2>
+                                <p className="mt-2 text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+                                    {date(attempt.created_at)} ·{' '}
+                                    {attempt.snapshot.proponent.name}
+                                    {!attempt.current &&
+                                        ' · histórica ou base desactualizada; não utilizável para adjudicar'}
+                                </p>
+                                <p className="my-4 whitespace-pre-wrap">
+                                    {attempt.reason}
+                                </p>
+                                <details className="mb-4 text-sm">
+                                    <summary className="cursor-pointer font-medium">
+                                        Matriz preservada nesta tentativa
+                                    </summary>
+                                    <Matrix
+                                        rows={attempt.snapshot.basis.rows}
+                                    />
+                                    <p className="mt-2 text-xs break-all">
+                                        Base: {attempt.basis_hash}
+                                    </p>
+                                </details>
+                                {attempt.reviews.map((review) => (
+                                    <div
+                                        key={review.id}
+                                        className="mt-3 rounded-lg bg-muted p-3 text-sm"
+                                    >
+                                        <p>
+                                            {review.snapshot.name} ·{' '}
+                                            {roleLabels[
+                                                review.snapshot.purchasing_role
+                                            ] ??
+                                                review.snapshot
+                                                    .purchasing_role}{' '}
+                                            ·{' '}
+                                            {review.verdict === 'approved'
+                                                ? 'Confirmou'
+                                                : 'Devolveu'}{' '}
+                                            · {date(review.created_at)}
+                                        </p>
+                                        <p className="mt-2 whitespace-pre-wrap">
+                                            {review.reason}
+                                        </p>
+                                    </div>
+                                ))}
+                                {attempt.canReview && (
+                                    <Confer attempt={attempt} />
+                                )}
+                                <a
+                                    className="mt-4 inline-block text-sm underline"
+                                    href={`/recomendacoes/${attempt.id}/imprimir`}
+                                >
+                                    Consultar relatório para impressão
+                                </a>
+                            </article>
+                        ))}
+                        <p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+                            Uma devolução encerra a tentativa sem excluir o
+                            concorrente ou cancelar o processo. As conferências
+                            não são transferidas para outra tentativa.
+                        </p>
+                        <div className="flex gap-4">
+                            {history.prev_page_url && (
+                                <Link href={history.prev_page_url}>
+                                    Anteriores
+                                </Link>
+                            )}
+                            {history.next_page_url && (
+                                <Link href={history.next_page_url}>
+                                    Seguintes
+                                </Link>
+                            )}
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                </Panel>
+            </div>
+        </>
+    );
+}
diff --git a/resources/js/pages/purchases/review-report.tsx b/resources/js/pages/purchases/review-report.tsx
index 8d822e4..6f8944d 100644
--- a/resources/js/pages/purchases/review-report.tsx
+++ b/resources/js/pages/purchases/review-report.tsx
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ type Report = {
         requester: string;
     };
     comparison: { ready: boolean; top_count: number; rows: ComparisonRow[] };
+    recommendation: { id: number; revision: number } | null;
     admission: {
         id: number;
         revision: number;
@@ -169,6 +170,17 @@ export default function ReviewReport({ report }: { report: Report }) {
                     a qualificação documental são apresentadas separadamente.
                 </div>
                 <Panel title="Identificação do pedido">
+                    <p className="mb-4 text-sm">
+                        {report.recommendation
+                            ? 'Regime de recomendação adoptado. A adjudicação exige recomendação confirmada e actual.'
+                            : 'Sem adopção do regime de recomendação.'}{' '}
+                        <Link
+                            className="underline print:hidden"
+                            href={`/requisicoes/${r.id}/recomendacao`}
+                        >
+                            Consultar recomendação e relatório preservado
+                        </Link>
+                    </p>
                     <p className="mb-4 text-sm">
                         {report.admission
                             ? `Regime de admissão adoptado: política ${report.admission.snapshot.policy_revision}, ${report.admission.snapshot.required_count} confirmações independentes. A elegibilidade da comparação inclui admissão confirmada na base actual.`
diff --git a/resources/js/pages/quotations/show.tsx b/resources/js/pages/quotations/show.tsx
index 181a705..d57c9c6 100644
--- a/resources/js/pages/quotations/show.tsx
+++ b/resources/js/pages/quotations/show.tsx
@@ -128,6 +128,12 @@ export default function Comparison({
                 >
                     Admissão e exclusão de propostas
                 </Link>
+                <Link
+                    className="text-sm font-medium underline"
+                    href={`/requisicoes/${requisition.id}/recomendacao`}
+                >
+                    Recomendação antes da adjudicação
+                </Link>
                 <Link
                     className="text-sm font-medium underline"
                     href={`/requisicoes/${requisition.id}/relatorio`}
diff --git a/resources/views/purchases/recommendation-print.blade.php b/resources/views/purchases/recommendation-print.blade.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f695e17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/resources/views/purchases/recommendation-print.blade.php
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="pt">
+<head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+    <title>Recomendação · {{ $requisition->number }} · Sistema de Gestão de Compras (SGC)</title>
+    <style>
+        @page { size: A4 landscape; margin: 14mm; }
+        body { font: 12px Arial, sans-serif; color: #111; margin: 24px; }
+        header { border-bottom: 3px solid #ed1c24; margin-bottom: 18px; padding-bottom: 12px; }
+        h1 { font-size: 21px; } h2 { margin-top: 22px; font-size: 16px; }
+        table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-top: 12px; }
+        th, td { border: 1px solid #bbb; padding: 7px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
+        th { background: #eee; } thead { display: table-header-group; }
+        tr, article { break-inside: avoid; } p { overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
+        .reason { white-space: pre-wrap; } .notice { border: 1px solid #999; padding: 12px; }
+        article { border-left: 3px solid #ddd; padding-left: 12px; margin: 14px 0; }
+        footer { border-top: 1px solid #999; margin-top: 24px; padding-top: 10px; }
+        @media print { .controls { display: none; } body { margin: 0; } }
+    </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<nav class="controls"><a href="{{ route('recommendations.show', $requisition) }}">Voltar ao processo</a> · <button onclick="window.print()">Imprimir</button></nav>
+<header><strong>Sistema de Gestão de Compras (SGC)</strong><h1>Recomendação antes da adjudicação · {{ $requisition->number }}</h1><p>Adopção {{ $adoption->revision }} · política {{ $adoption->snapshot['policy_revision'] }} · tentativa {{ $attempt->revision }}</p></header>
+@php
+    $states = ['pending' => 'A aguardar conferência', 'confirmed' => 'Recomendação confirmada', 'returned' => 'Tentativa devolvida'];
+    $rows = $attempt->snapshot['basis']['rows'];
+    $candidate = collect($rows)->firstWhere('id', $attempt->quotation_id);
+@endphp
+<p class="notice"><strong>{{ $states[$state] }} · {{ $current ? 'Base actual na consulta' : 'Histórica ou base desactualizada: não utilizável para adjudicar' }}</strong><br>Recomendação não autoriza compra, não substitui aprovações do valor final e não constitui assinatura digital ou certificação de evidências.</p>
+<p>Consulta por {{ $generatedBy }} em {{ $generatedAt->format('d/m/Y H:i:s') }} · Africa/Johannesburg (UTC+2). A situação actual pode mudar após esta consulta.</p>
+<h2>Proposta recomendada</h2><p><strong>{{ $candidate['supplier_name'] ?? 'Fornecedor indisponível' }}</strong> · {{ $candidate['reference'] ?? $attempt->quotation_id }}</p>
+<p>Proponente: {{ $attempt->snapshot['proponent']['name'] }} · Registo: {{ $attempt->created_at }} UTC</p><p class="reason">{{ $attempt->reason }}</p>
+<p>Política preservada: {{ $adoption->snapshot['required_count'] }} pessoas distintas; {{ implode(', ', array_map(fn ($role) => \App\Enums\PurchasingRole::from($role)->label(), $adoption->snapshot['roles'])) }}.</p>
+<p>Base preservada: {{ $attempt->basis_hash }}</p>
+<h2>Matriz preservada na tentativa</h2>
+<table><thead><tr><th>Fornecedor e proposta</th><th>Total</th><th>Avaliações elegíveis</th><th>Pontuação / 10</th><th>Situação na base preservada</th></tr></thead><tbody>
+@foreach($rows as $row)
+<tr><td>{{ $row['supplier_name'] }} · {{ $row['reference'] }}</td><td>{{ number_format($row['total_minor'] / 100, 2, ',', ' ') }} {{ $row['currency'] }}</td><td>{{ $row['evaluation_count'] }}</td><td>{{ $row['score_minor'] === null ? 'Por concluir' : number_format($row['score_minor'] / 100, 2, ',', ' ') }}</td><td>{{ $row['eligible'] ? 'Elegível, com admissão confirmada' : implode(' ', $row['ineligibility_reasons']) }}{{ in_array($row['id'], $attempt->snapshot['basis']['top_ids'], true) ? ' · Maior pontuação' : '' }}</td></tr>
+@endforeach
+</tbody></table>
+<h2>Referências de admissão preservadas</h2>
+@foreach($attempt->snapshot['basis']['admissions'] as $admission)
+<p>Proposta #{{ $admission['quotation_id'] }} · requisitos #{{ $admission['basis']['set_id'] ?? 'não disponíveis' }} · decisão #{{ $admission['decision']['id'] ?? 'não disponível' }} · conferências {{ implode(', ', array_column($admission['reviews'], 'id')) ?: 'sem registos' }}.</p>
+@endforeach
+<h2>Conferências desta tentativa</h2>
+@forelse($reviews as $review)
+<article><strong>{{ $review->snapshot['name'] }} · {{ \App\Enums\PurchasingRole::from($review->snapshot['purchasing_role'])->label() }} · {{ $review->verdict === 'approved' ? 'Confirmou' : 'Devolveu' }}</strong><p>{{ $review->created_at }} UTC</p><p class="reason">{{ $review->reason }}</p></article>
+@empty<p>Sem conferências registadas.</p>@endforelse
+<h2>Histórico desta adopção até à tentativa impressa</h2>
+@forelse($history as $entry)
+<article><strong>Tentativa {{ $entry['attempt']->revision }} · proposta #{{ $entry['attempt']->quotation_id }} · {{ $states[$entry['state']] }} · histórica</strong><p class="reason">{{ $entry['attempt']->reason }}</p>
+@foreach($entry['reviews'] as $review)<p class="reason">{{ $review->snapshot['name'] }} · {{ $review->verdict === 'approved' ? 'Confirmou' : 'Devolveu' }} · {{ $review->created_at }} UTC · {{ $review->reason }}</p>@endforeach</article>
+@empty<p>Sem tentativas anteriores nesta adopção.</p>@endforelse
+<footer>Sistema de Gestão de Compras (SGC) · Registos preservados para conferência. Outras adopções são consultáveis no histórico autenticado do processo.</footer>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/routes/web.php b/routes/web.php
index e10a463..3cc9d13 100644
--- a/routes/web.php
+++ b/routes/web.php
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use App\Http\Controllers\DocumentaryQualificationController;
 use App\Http\Controllers\EquipmentController;
 use App\Http\Controllers\ExternalPaymentController;
 use App\Http\Controllers\FormalAdmissionController;
+use App\Http\Controllers\FormalRecommendationController;
 use App\Http\Controllers\GoodsReceiptController;
 use App\Http\Controllers\InvestmentPolicyController;
 use App\Http\Controllers\InvoiceController;
@@ -36,6 +37,13 @@ Route::middleware(['auth', 'verified'])->group(function () {
     Route::post('empresa/iniciar', [CompanyController::class, 'store'])->name('company.store');
 
     Route::middleware(EnsureCompanyIsConfigured::class)->group(function () {
+        Route::get('politica-recomendacao', [FormalRecommendationController::class, 'policy'])->name('recommendations.policy');
+        Route::post('politica-recomendacao', [FormalRecommendationController::class, 'configure']);
+        Route::get('requisicoes/{requisition}/recomendacao', [FormalRecommendationController::class, 'show'])->name('recommendations.show');
+        Route::post('requisicoes/{requisition}/recomendacao/adoptar', [FormalRecommendationController::class, 'adopt']);
+        Route::post('requisicoes/{requisition}/recomendacao/tentativas', [FormalRecommendationController::class, 'propose']);
+        Route::post('recomendacoes/{attempt}/conferir', [FormalRecommendationController::class, 'review']);
+        Route::get('recomendacoes/{attempt}/imprimir', [FormalRecommendationController::class, 'print'])->name('recommendations.print');
         Route::get('politica-admissao', [FormalAdmissionController::class, 'policy'])->name('admissions.policy');
         Route::post('politica-admissao', [FormalAdmissionController::class, 'configure']);
         Route::get('requisicoes/{requisition}/admissao', [FormalAdmissionController::class, 'show'])->name('admissions.show');
diff --git a/tests/Concurrency/recommendation-worker.php b/tests/Concurrency/recommendation-worker.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2652a05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Concurrency/recommendation-worker.php
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+<?php
+
+use App\Models\RecommendationAttempt;
+use App\Models\Requisition;
+use App\Models\User;
+use App\Services\FormalRecommendation;
+use App\Services\PurchaseWorkflow;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Console\Kernel;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
+use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\HttpExceptionInterface;
+
+require __DIR__.'/../../vendor/autoload.php';
+$database = $argv[1] ?? '';
+if (! preg_match('/^compras_receipts_test_[a-f0-9]{12}$/', $database)) {
+    throw new LogicException('Base de teste inválida.');
+}
+$app = require __DIR__.'/../../bootstrap/app.php';
+$app->make(Kernel::class)->bootstrap();
+if (! $app->environment('testing') || DB::connection()->getDatabaseName() !== $database) {
+    throw new LogicException('Worker não isolado.');
+}
+DB::select('select set_config(?, ?, false)', ['application_name', 'sgc_recommendation_'.$argv[4]]);
+$pid = DB::selectOne('select pg_backend_pid() as pid')->pid;
+$actor = User::query()->findOrFail($argv[2]);
+auth()->guard()->setUser($actor);
+$payload = json_decode(stream_get_contents(STDIN), true, 512, JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR);
+try {
+    if (($payload['action'] ?? 'review') === 'propose') {
+        app(FormalRecommendation::class)->propose($actor, Requisition::query()->findOrFail($payload['requisition_id']), $payload['data']);
+    } elseif ($payload['action'] === 'award') {
+        app(PurchaseWorkflow::class)->select($actor, Requisition::query()->findOrFail($payload['requisition_id']), $payload['data']);
+    } else {
+        app(FormalRecommendation::class)->review($actor, RecommendationAttempt::query()->findOrFail($argv[3]), $payload['verdict'], 'Conferência exclusivamente fictícia');
+    }
+    $status = 200;
+} catch (ValidationException) {
+    $status = 422;
+} catch (HttpExceptionInterface $exception) {
+    $status = $exception->getStatusCode();
+}
+echo json_encode(['status' => $status, 'backend_pid' => $pid], JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR);
diff --git a/tests/Concurrency/run-recommendation.php b/tests/Concurrency/run-recommendation.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8192588
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Concurrency/run-recommendation.php
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+<?php
+
+use App\Models\AuditLog;
+use App\Models\PurchaseAward;
+use App\Models\RecommendationAttempt;
+use App\Models\RecommendationReview;
+use App\Services\FormalRecommendation;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Console\Kernel;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Artisan;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
+use Symfony\Component\Process\Process;
+
+require __DIR__.'/../../vendor/autoload.php';
+foreach (['APP_ENV' => 'testing', 'CACHE_STORE' => 'array', 'SESSION_DRIVER' => 'array', 'QUEUE_CONNECTION' => 'sync', 'MAIL_MAILER' => 'array'] as $key => $value) {
+    putenv($key.'='.$value);
+    $_ENV[$key] = $_SERVER[$key] = $value;
+}
+$app = require __DIR__.'/../../bootstrap/app.php';
+$app->make(Kernel::class)->bootstrap();
+require __DIR__.'/../Support/RecommendationFixture.php';
+$original = DB::connection();
+if ($original->getDriverName() !== 'pgsql') {
+    throw new LogicException('Exige PostgreSQL.');
+}
+$config = $original->getConfig();
+$admin = $original->getPdo();
+$database = 'compras_receipts_test_'.bin2hex(random_bytes(6));
+$created = false;
+$processes = [];
+$report = ['tested_at_utc' => gmdate('c'), 'separate_database' => true, 'transport' => 'Independent PHP service transactions and PostgreSQL connections', 'scenarios' => []];
+try {
+    $admin->exec('CREATE DATABASE "'.$database.'"');
+    $created = true;
+    config(['database.connections.pgsql' => [...$config, 'database' => $database, 'url' => null]]);
+    DB::purge('pgsql');
+    DB::setDefaultConnection('pgsql');
+    Schema::clearResolvedInstance('db.schema');
+    app()->forgetInstance('db.schema');
+    if (DB::connection()->getDatabaseName() !== $database || Schema::getConnection()->getDatabaseName() !== $database) {
+        throw new LogicException('Migração fora do isolamento recusada.');
+    }
+    Artisan::call('migrate', ['--database' => 'pgsql', '--force' => true]);
+    $workerEnv = ['APP_ENV' => 'testing', 'DB_CONNECTION' => 'pgsql', 'DB_URL' => '', 'DB_DATABASE' => $database, 'DB_HOST' => $config['host'], 'DB_PORT' => (string) $config['port'], 'DB_USERNAME' => $config['username'], 'DB_PASSWORD' => $config['password'], 'CACHE_STORE' => 'array', 'SESSION_DRIVER' => 'array'];
+    foreach (['same_person', 'distinct_people', 'opposing_reviews', 'revoked_role', 'changed_basis', 'new_adoption', 'competing_attempts', 'recommendation_versus_award'] as $scenario) {
+        $f = recommendationFixture(2);
+        $workflow = app(FormalRecommendation::class);
+        $decision = $workflow->propose($f['buyer'], $f['r'], $f['proposal']);
+        if ($scenario === 'recommendation_versus_award') {
+            foreach ([$f['reviewer'], $f['other_reviewer']] as $reviewer) {
+                auth()->guard()->setUser($reviewer);
+                $workflow->review($reviewer, $decision, 'approved', 'Confirmação fictícia antes da corrida');
+            }
+            auth()->guard()->setUser($f['buyer']);
+        }
+        $beforeReviews = RecommendationReview::query()->count();
+        $connection = DB::connection();
+        $connection->beginTransaction();
+        $connection->table('tenants')->where('id', $f['tenant']->id)->lockForUpdate()->first();
+        $processes = [];
+        foreach (['A', 'B'] as $index => $suffix) {
+            $actor = $scenario === 'distinct_people' && $index === 1 ? $f['other_reviewer'] : $f['reviewer'];
+            $verdict = $scenario === 'opposing_reviews' && $index === 1 ? 'returned' : 'approved';
+            $payload = ['action' => 'review', 'verdict' => $verdict];
+            if (in_array($scenario, ['competing_attempts', 'recommendation_versus_award'], true)) {
+                $actor = $f['buyer'];
+                $award = $scenario === 'recommendation_versus_award' && $index === 1;
+                $payload = ['action' => $award ? 'award' : 'propose', 'requisition_id' => $f['r']->id, 'data' => $award ? $f['selection'] : [...$f['proposal'], 'previous_id' => $decision->id]];
+            }
+            $process = new Process([PHP_BINARY, __DIR__.'/recommendation-worker.php', $database, (string) $actor->id, (string) $decision->id, $suffix], base_path(), $workerEnv);
+            $process->setInput(json_encode($payload, JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR));
+            $process->setTimeout(40);
+            $process->start();
+            $processes[] = $process;
+        }
+        $statement = $admin->prepare("SELECT count(*) FROM pg_stat_activity WHERE datname = ? AND application_name IN ('sgc_recommendation_A','sgc_recommendation_B') AND wait_event_type = 'Lock'");
+        $deadline = microtime(true) + 20;
+        do {
+            $statement->execute([$database]);
+            $waits = (int) $statement->fetchColumn();
+            if ($waits === 2) {
+                break;
+            }
+            foreach ($processes as $process) {
+                if (! $process->isRunning()) {
+                    throw new RuntimeException('Worker terminou antes do bloqueio: '.$process->getErrorOutput());
+                }
+            }
+            usleep(20000);
+        } while (microtime(true) < $deadline);
+        if ($waits !== 2) {
+            throw new RuntimeException('Sem sobreposição dos dois bloqueios.');
+        }
+        if ($scenario === 'revoked_role') {
+            $connection->table('users')->where('id', $f['reviewer']->id)->update(['purchasing_role' => 'requester']);
+        }
+        if ($scenario === 'changed_basis') {
+            $connection->table('proposal_evaluations')->where('quotation_id', $f['quote']->id)->update(['comment' => 'Alteração fictícia durante a espera']);
+        }
+        if ($scenario === 'new_adoption') {
+            auth()->guard()->setUser($f['admin']);
+            $policy = $workflow->policy($f['admin'], [...$f['policy_data'], 'previous_id' => $f['policy']->id]);
+            auth()->guard()->setUser($f['buyer']);
+            $workflow->adopt($f['buyer'], $f['r'], $policy->id, $f['adoption']->id, 'Nova adopção enquanto os conferentes aguardam');
+        }
+        $connection->commit();
+        $results = [];
+        foreach ($processes as $process) {
+            $process->wait();
+            if (! $process->isSuccessful()) {
+                throw new RuntimeException('Worker falhou: '.$process->getErrorOutput());
+            }
+            $results[] = json_decode($process->getOutput(), true, 512, JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR);
+        }
+        $statuses = array_column($results, 'status');
+        sort($statuses);
+        $expected = match ($scenario) {
+            'revoked_role' => [403, 403], 'changed_basis', 'new_adoption' => [422, 422], 'opposing_reviews', 'competing_attempts', 'recommendation_versus_award' => [200, 422], default => [200, 200]
+        };
+        auth()->guard()->setUser($f['buyer']);
+        $reviews = RecommendationReview::query()->count();
+        $expectedReviews = match ($scenario) {
+            'distinct_people' => 2, 'same_person', 'opposing_reviews' => 1, default => 0
+        };
+        $expectedReviews += $beforeReviews;
+        if ($statuses !== $expected || $reviews !== $expectedReviews || AuditLog::query()->where('action', 'recommendation.reviewed')->count() !== $reviews || count(array_unique(array_column($results, 'backend_pid'))) !== 2) {
+            throw new RuntimeException('Resultado concorrente inconsistente: '.json_encode([$scenario, $statuses, $reviews], JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR));
+        }
+        $state = $workflow->status($decision, $f['adoption']);
+        $attempts = RecommendationAttempt::query()->count();
+        $awards = PurchaseAward::query()->count();
+        $newAttempt = $scenario === 'competing_attempts' || ($scenario === 'recommendation_versus_award' && $results[0]['status'] === 200);
+        if (($scenario === 'distinct_people' && $state !== 'confirmed') || ($scenario === 'same_person' && $state !== 'pending') || $attempts !== ($newAttempt ? 2 : 1) || $awards !== ($scenario === 'recommendation_versus_award' && ! $newAttempt ? 1 : 0)) {
+            throw new RuntimeException('Quórum ou tentativa alterados indevidamente.');
+        }
+        if ($awards && PurchaseAward::query()->sole()->recommendation_snapshot['attempt_id'] !== $decision->id) {
+            throw new RuntimeException('Adjudicação ligada à tentativa errada.');
+        }
+        if (AuditLog::query()->where('action', 'recommendation.proposed')->count() !== $attempts || AuditLog::query()->where('action', 'award.created')->count() !== $awards) {
+            throw new RuntimeException('Auditoria de tentativa/adjudicação inconsistente.');
+        }
+        $report['scenarios'][] = ['name' => $scenario, 'passed' => true, 'overlapping_lock_waits' => $waits, 'reviews' => $reviews, 'state' => $state, 'attempts' => $attempts, 'awards' => $awards];
+    }
+    $report['passed'] = true;
+} finally {
+    foreach ($processes as $process) {
+        if ($process->isRunning()) {
+            $process->stop();
+        }
+    }
+    if (isset($connection) && $connection->transactionLevel() > 0) {
+        $connection->rollBack();
+    }
+    DB::disconnect('pgsql');
+    if ($created && $database !== $original->getDatabaseName() && preg_match('/^compras_receipts_test_[a-f0-9]{12}$/', $database)) {
+        $admin->exec('DROP DATABASE "'.$database.'"');
+        $report['test_database_dropped'] = true;
+    }
+}
+file_put_contents(base_path('docs/recomendacao-concorrencia-postgresql.json'), json_encode($report, JSON_PRETTY_PRINT | JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR).PHP_EOL);
+echo json_encode($report, JSON_PRETTY_PRINT | JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR).PHP_EOL;
diff --git a/tests/Feature/FormalRecommendationTest.php b/tests/Feature/FormalRecommendationTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72e1705
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Feature/FormalRecommendationTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+<?php
+
+use App\Enums\PurchasingRole;
+use App\Models\AdmissionDecision;
+use App\Models\AuditLog;
+use App\Models\BudgetEntry;
+use App\Models\ConflictDeclaration;
+use App\Models\Department;
+use App\Models\ProposalEvaluation;
+use App\Models\PurchaseAward;
+use App\Models\PurchaseOrder;
+use App\Models\RecommendationAdoption;
+use App\Models\RecommendationAttempt;
+use App\Models\RecommendationPolicy;
+use App\Models\RecommendationReview;
+use App\Models\Tenant;
+use App\Models\User;
+use App\Services\FormalAdmission;
+use App\Services\FormalRecommendation;
+use App\Services\ProposalComparison;
+use Illuminate\Database\QueryException;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+use Inertia\Testing\AssertableInertia as Assert;
+
+require_once __DIR__.'/../Support/RecommendationFixture.php';
+
+beforeEach(function () {
+    $this->f = recommendationFixture();
+    $this->url = '/requisicoes/'.$this->f['r']->id.'/recomendacao';
+    $this->awardUrl = '/requisicoes/'.$this->f['r']->id.'/adjudicacao';
+    $this->actingAs($this->f['buyer']);
+});
+
+function recommendationAttempt(object $test, array $changes = []): RecommendationAttempt
+{
+    $test->actingAs($test->f['buyer'])->post($test->url.'/tentativas', [...$test->f['proposal'], ...$changes])->assertSessionHasNoErrors();
+
+    return RecommendationAttempt::query()->latest('id')->firstOrFail();
+}
+
+function recommendationConfer(object $test, RecommendationAttempt $attempt, ?User $actor = null, string $verdict = 'approved'): void
+{
+    $test->actingAs($actor ?? $test->f['reviewer'])->post('/recomendacoes/'.$attempt->id.'/conferir', ['verdict' => $verdict, 'reason' => 'Conferência de recomendação fictícia'])->assertSessionHasNoErrors();
+}
+
+test('company recommendation requires quorum and binds genuine award and issued order', function () {
+    $before = app(ProposalComparison::class)->inspect($this->f['r']);
+    $attempt = recommendationAttempt($this);
+    $this->get($this->awardUrl)->assertInertia(fn (Assert $p) => $p->where('canSelect', false));
+    $this->post($this->awardUrl, $this->f['selection'])->assertSessionHasErrors('recommendation');
+    recommendationConfer($this, $attempt);
+    expect(app(FormalRecommendation::class)->status($attempt, $this->f['adoption']))->toBe('pending')->and(BudgetEntry::query()->count())->toBe(0);
+    recommendationConfer($this, $attempt, $this->f['head']);
+    expect(app(ProposalComparison::class)->inspect($this->f['r']))->toBe($before);
+    $this->actingAs($this->f['buyer'])->post($this->awardUrl, $this->f['selection'])->assertSessionHasNoErrors();
+    $award = PurchaseAward::query()->sole();
+    expect($award->recommendation_snapshot['attempt_id'])->toBe($attempt->id)->and($award->recommendation_snapshot['review_ids'])->toHaveCount(2);
+    $this->actingAs($this->f['head'])->post('/adjudicacoes/'.$award->id.'/decidir', ['decision' => 'approved'])->assertSessionHasNoErrors();
+    $this->actingAs($this->f['buyer'])->post('/adjudicacoes/'.$award->id.'/emitir')->assertSessionHasNoErrors();
+    $order = PurchaseOrder::query()->sole();
+    expect($order->snapshot['recommendation'])->toBe($award->recommendation_snapshot);
+    $this->f['quotes'][0]->update(['reference' => 'Alteração posterior à emissão']);
+    $this->post('/adjudicacoes/'.$award->id.'/emitir')->assertSessionHasNoErrors();
+    expect(PurchaseOrder::query()->count())->toBe(1)->and($order->refresh()->snapshot['quotation']['reference'])->toBe('PROP-TEST');
+    $this->post($this->url.'/tentativas', [...$this->f['proposal'], 'previous_id' => $attempt->id])->assertSessionHasErrors('recommendation');
+});
+
+test('recommendation retries count one person once and returned attempt cannot authorize award', function () {
+    $attempt = recommendationAttempt($this);
+    recommendationConfer($this, $attempt);
+    recommendationConfer($this, $attempt);
+    expect(RecommendationReview::query()->count())->toBe(1)->and(AuditLog::query()->where('action', 'recommendation.reviewed')->count())->toBe(1);
+    $this->post('/recomendacoes/'.$attempt->id.'/conferir', ['verdict' => 'returned', 'reason' => 'Outra resposta para a mesma pessoa'])->assertSessionHasErrors('recommendation');
+    recommendationConfer($this, $attempt, $this->f['other_reviewer'], 'returned');
+    expect(app(FormalRecommendation::class)->status($attempt, $this->f['adoption']))->toBe('returned')->and(AdmissionDecision::query()->where('outcome', 'admit')->count())->toBe(3);
+    $next = recommendationAttempt($this, ['previous_id' => $attempt->id]);
+    expect($next->revision)->toBe(2)->and(RecommendationReview::query()->where('recommendation_attempt_id', $next->id)->count())->toBe(0);
+    $this->post($this->url.'/tentativas', $this->f['proposal'])->assertSessionHasErrors('recommendation');
+    $this->actingAs($this->f['head'])->post('/recomendacoes/'.$attempt->id.'/conferir', ['verdict' => 'approved', 'reason' => 'Conferência de tentativa anterior'])->assertSessionHasErrors('recommendation');
+    $this->actingAs($this->f['buyer'])->post($this->awardUrl, $this->f['selection'])->assertSessionHasErrors('recommendation');
+});
+
+test('recommendation rejects lower score incomplete matrix and stale admission', function (string $case) {
+    if ($case === 'incomplete') {
+        ProposalEvaluation::query()->where('quotation_id', $this->f['quotes'][0]->id)->where('evaluator_id', $this->f['analyst']->id)->delete();
+    } elseif ($case === 'admission') {
+        $old = AdmissionDecision::query()->where('quotation_id', $this->f['quotes'][0]->id)->latest('id')->firstOrFail();
+        app(FormalAdmission::class)->propose($this->f['buyer'], $this->f['r'], ['quotation_id' => $old->quotation_id, 'previous_id' => $old->id, 'basis_hash' => $old->basis_hash, 'outcome' => 'admit', 'reason' => 'Nova tentativa de admissão sem confirmação']);
+    }
+    $data = [...$this->f['proposal'], 'basis_hash' => app(FormalRecommendation::class)->basis($this->f['r'])['hash']];
+    if ($case === 'lower') {
+        $data['quotation_id'] = $this->f['quotes'][2]->id;
+    }
+    $this->post($this->url.'/tentativas', $data)->assertSessionHasErrors('recommendation');
+    expect(RecommendationAttempt::query()->count())->toBe(0);
+})->with(['lower', 'incomplete', 'admission']);
+
+test('tie permits reasoned recommendation and award only of the chosen tied proposal', function () {
+    // Only evaluations change, preserving documentary admission basis.
+    ProposalEvaluation::query()->where('quotation_id', $this->f['quotes'][0]->id)->update(['quality' => '0', 'history' => '0', 'payment' => '0']);
+    ProposalEvaluation::query()->where('quotation_id', $this->f['quotes'][1]->id)->update(['quality' => '5', 'history' => '5', 'payment' => '2.5']);
+    // Existing weights yield 5.50 for each of the first two proposals, without changing received prices.
+    $this->f['quotes'][2]->evaluations()->update(['quality' => '0', 'history' => '0', 'payment' => '0']);
+    $basis = app(FormalRecommendation::class)->basis($this->f['r']);
+    expect($basis['ready'])->toBeTrue()->and($basis['top_ids'])->toHaveCount(2)->toContain($this->f['quotes'][0]->id, $this->f['quotes'][1]->id);
+    $attempt = recommendationAttempt($this, ['basis_hash' => $basis['hash'], 'quotation_id' => $this->f['quotes'][1]->id, 'reason' => 'Escolha fundamentada da segunda proposta empatada']);
+    recommendationConfer($this, $attempt);
+    recommendationConfer($this, $attempt, $this->f['other_reviewer']);
+    $this->actingAs($this->f['buyer'])->post($this->awardUrl, $this->f['selection'])->assertSessionHasErrors('recommendation');
+    $this->post($this->awardUrl, [...$this->f['selection'], 'quotation_id' => $this->f['quotes'][1]->id])->assertSessionHasNoErrors();
+    expect(PurchaseAward::query()->sole()->quotation_id)->toBe($this->f['quotes'][1]->id);
+});
+
+test('changed matrix invalidates pending reviews and blocks emission after award', function () {
+    $attempt = recommendationAttempt($this);
+    recommendationConfer($this, $attempt);
+    recommendationConfer($this, $attempt, $this->f['head']);
+    $this->actingAs($this->f['buyer'])->post($this->awardUrl, $this->f['selection'])->assertSessionHasNoErrors();
+    $award = PurchaseAward::query()->sole();
+    $this->actingAs($this->f['head'])->post('/adjudicacoes/'.$award->id.'/decidir', ['decision' => 'approved'])->assertSessionHasNoErrors();
+    ProposalEvaluation::query()->where('quotation_id', $this->f['quotes'][2]->id)->update(['comment' => 'Análise alterada antes da emissão']);
+    $this->actingAs($this->f['buyer'])->post('/adjudicacoes/'.$award->id.'/emitir')->assertSessionHasErrors('recommendation');
+    expect(PurchaseOrder::query()->count())->toBe(0);
+});
+
+test('changed evaluation requires a new recommendation with no inherited approvals', function () {
+    $attempt = recommendationAttempt($this);
+    recommendationConfer($this, $attempt);
+    ProposalEvaluation::query()->where('quotation_id', $this->f['quotes'][1]->id)->update(['comment' => 'Nova fundamentação da avaliação']);
+    $this->actingAs($this->f['other_reviewer'])->post('/recomendacoes/'.$attempt->id.'/conferir', ['verdict' => 'approved', 'reason' => 'Conferência sobre uma base anterior'])->assertSessionHasErrors('recommendation');
+    $next = recommendationAttempt($this, ['previous_id' => $attempt->id, 'basis_hash' => app(FormalRecommendation::class)->basis($this->f['r'])['hash']]);
+    expect($next->revision)->toBe(2)->and(RecommendationReview::query()->where('recommendation_attempt_id', $next->id)->count())->toBe(0)->and(RecommendationReview::query()->where('recommendation_attempt_id', $attempt->id)->count())->toBe(1);
+});
+
+test('new confirmed admission invalidates recommendation even with identical scores and prices', function () {
+    $attempt = recommendationAttempt($this);
+    recommendationConfer($this, $attempt);
+    recommendationConfer($this, $attempt, $this->f['other_reviewer']);
+    $before = app(ProposalComparison::class)->inspect($this->f['r']);
+    $this->actingAs($this->f['buyer']);
+    $admission = app(FormalAdmission::class);
+    $old = AdmissionDecision::query()->where('quotation_id', $this->f['quotes'][1]->id)->latest('id')->firstOrFail();
+    $new = $admission->propose($this->f['buyer'], $this->f['r'], ['quotation_id' => $old->quotation_id, 'previous_id' => $old->id, 'basis_hash' => $old->basis_hash, 'outcome' => 'admit', 'reason' => 'Reapreciação de admissão fundamentada']);
+    $this->actingAs($this->f['analyst']);
+    $admission->review($this->f['analyst'], $new, 'approved', 'Nova conferência de admissão fictícia');
+    expect(app(ProposalComparison::class)->inspect($this->f['r']))->toBe($before);
+    $this->actingAs($this->f['buyer'])->post($this->awardUrl, $this->f['selection'])->assertSessionHasErrors('recommendation');
+    expect(PurchaseAward::query()->count())->toBe(0);
+});
+
+test('one identity cannot count again after role change and review audit failure rolls back', function () {
+    $attempt = recommendationAttempt($this);
+    recommendationConfer($this, $attempt);
+    $this->f['reviewer']->forceFill(['purchasing_role' => PurchasingRole::DepartmentHead, 'department_id' => $this->f['r']->department_id])->save();
+    recommendationConfer($this, $attempt, $this->f['reviewer']->fresh());
+    expect(RecommendationReview::query()->count())->toBe(1)->and(RecommendationReview::query()->sole()->snapshot['purchasing_role'])->toBe('finance');
+    $this->actingAs($this->f['head']);
+    DB::statement("CREATE TRIGGER fail_recommendation_review BEFORE INSERT ON audit_logs WHEN NEW.action = 'recommendation.reviewed' BEGIN SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'test audit failure'); END");
+    try {
+        app(FormalRecommendation::class)->review($this->f['head'], $attempt, 'approved', 'Confirmação que deve ser revertida');
+        $this->fail('Missing conference rollback');
+    } catch (QueryException) {
+        expect(RecommendationReview::query()->count())->toBe(1)->and(app(FormalRecommendation::class)->status($attempt, $this->f['adoption']))->toBe('pending');
+    } finally {
+        DB::statement('DROP TRIGGER fail_recommendation_review');
+    }
+    $other = Department::query()->create(['tenant_id' => $this->f['tenant']->id, 'name' => 'Outra chefia']);
+    $this->f['reviewer']->forceFill(['department_id' => $other->id])->save();
+    $this->post('/recomendacoes/'.$attempt->id.'/conferir', ['verdict' => 'approved', 'reason' => 'Conferente anterior mudou de departamento'])->assertSessionHasErrors('recommendation');
+});
+
+test('current and earlier reviewer eligibility is revalidated while completed history remains', function () {
+    $attempt = recommendationAttempt($this);
+    recommendationConfer($this, $attempt);
+    $this->f['reviewer']->forceFill(['purchasing_role' => PurchasingRole::Requester])->save();
+    $this->actingAs($this->f['other_reviewer'])->post('/recomendacoes/'.$attempt->id.'/conferir', ['verdict' => 'approved', 'reason' => 'Primeiro conferente perdeu o perfil'])->assertSessionHasErrors('recommendation');
+    $this->f['other_reviewer']->forceFill(['purchasing_role' => PurchasingRole::Requester])->save();
+    $this->post('/recomendacoes/'.$attempt->id.'/conferir', ['verdict' => 'returned', 'reason' => 'Perfil revogado durante a sessão'])->assertForbidden();
+    $this->f['reviewer']->forceFill(['purchasing_role' => PurchasingRole::Finance])->save();
+    recommendationConfer($this, $attempt, $this->f['head']);
+    $this->f['reviewer']->forceFill(['purchasing_role' => PurchasingRole::Requester])->save();
+    expect(app(FormalRecommendation::class)->selection($this->f['r'], $attempt->quotation_id)['review_ids'])->toHaveCount(2);
+});
+
+test('proponent requester and wrong department cannot confirm recommendations', function () {
+    $attempt = recommendationAttempt($this);
+    $this->f['buyer']->forceFill(['purchasing_role' => PurchasingRole::Finance])->save();
+    $this->actingAs($this->f['buyer']->fresh())->post('/recomendacoes/'.$attempt->id.'/conferir', ['verdict' => 'approved', 'reason' => 'Auto confirmação indevida'])->assertForbidden();
+    $this->f['issuer']->forceFill(['purchasing_role' => PurchasingRole::Finance])->save();
+    $this->actingAs($this->f['issuer'])->post('/recomendacoes/'.$attempt->id.'/conferir', ['verdict' => 'approved', 'reason' => 'Solicitante não pode conferir'])->assertForbidden();
+    $other = Department::query()->create(['tenant_id' => $this->f['tenant']->id, 'name' => 'Departamento distinto']);
+    $this->f['head']->forceFill(['department_id' => $other->id])->save();
+    $this->actingAs($this->f['head'])->get($this->url)->assertNotFound();
+    $this->post('/recomendacoes/'.$attempt->id.'/conferir', ['verdict' => 'approved', 'reason' => 'Chefia de outro departamento'])->assertNotFound();
+    expect(RecommendationReview::query()->count())->toBe(0);
+});
+
+test('policy changes preserve adoption until explicit new version and reset recommendations', function () {
+    $attempt = recommendationAttempt($this);
+    recommendationConfer($this, $attempt);
+    $workflow = app(FormalRecommendation::class);
+    $this->actingAs($this->f['admin']);
+    $disabled = $workflow->policy($this->f['admin'], [...$this->f['policy_data'], 'previous_id' => $this->f['policy']->id, 'required_count' => 1, 'enabled' => false]);
+    $this->actingAs($this->f['buyer'])->post($this->url.'/adoptar', ['previous_id' => $this->f['adoption']->id, 'policy_id' => $disabled->id, 'reason' => 'Adopção com política desactivada'])->assertSessionHasErrors('recommendation');
+    recommendationConfer($this, $attempt, $this->f['other_reviewer']);
+    expect($workflow->status($attempt, $this->f['adoption']))->toBe('confirmed')->and($this->f['adoption']->refresh()->snapshot['required_count'])->toBe(2);
+    $this->actingAs($this->f['admin']);
+    $new = $workflow->policy($this->f['admin'], [...$this->f['policy_data'], 'previous_id' => $disabled->id, 'required_count' => 1]);
+    $this->actingAs($this->f['buyer']);
+    $workflow->adopt($this->f['buyer'], $this->f['r'], $new->id, $this->f['adoption']->id, 'Outra versão expressamente adoptada');
+    $this->post($this->awardUrl, $this->f['selection'])->assertSessionHasErrors('recommendation');
+    expect(RecommendationAttempt::query()->count())->toBe(1);
+});
+
+test('policy is admin only explicit and independent from admission and absent adoption keeps legacy circuit', function () {
+    $this->post('/politica-recomendacao', $this->f['policy_data'])->assertForbidden();
+    $this->actingAs($this->f['admin'])->post('/politica-recomendacao', ['previous_id' => $this->f['policy']->id, 'enabled' => true, 'roles' => [], 'reason' => 'Sem valores definidos pela empresa'])->assertSessionHasErrors(['roles', 'required_count']);
+    $this->post('/politica-recomendacao', $this->f['policy_data'])->assertSessionHasErrors('recommendation');
+    $this->get('/politica-recomendacao')->assertInertia(fn (Assert $p) => $p->component('purchases/recommendation-policy')->has('policies.data', 1));
+    // Remove only synthetic adoption from the isolated test DB to exercise the legacy path.
+    DB::table('recommendation_adoptions')->delete();
+    $this->actingAs($this->f['buyer'])->post($this->awardUrl, $this->f['selection'])->assertSessionHasNoErrors();
+    $award = PurchaseAward::query()->sole();
+    expect($award->recommendation_snapshot)->toBeNull();
+    $this->post($this->url.'/adoptar', ['policy_id' => $this->f['policy']->id, 'previous_id' => 0, 'reason' => 'Adopção retroactiva impedida'])->assertSessionHasErrors('recommendation');
+});
+
+test('recommendation requires prior formal admission adoption and no implicit policy', function () {
+    // All fixture rows belong only to this in-memory database.
+    DB::table('recommendation_adoptions')->delete();
+    DB::table('admission_reviews')->delete();
+    DB::table('admission_decisions')->delete();
+    DB::table('admission_adoptions')->delete();
+    $this->post($this->url.'/adoptar', ['policy_id' => $this->f['policy']->id, 'previous_id' => 0, 'reason' => 'Sem adopção formal de admissão'])->assertSessionHasErrors('recommendation');
+    expect(RecommendationAdoption::query()->count())->toBe(0)->and(RecommendationPolicy::query()->count())->toBe(1);
+});
+
+test('report and history are restricted read only preserve old basis and escape user text', function () {
+    $attempt = recommendationAttempt($this, ['reason' => '<script>alert("ficticio")</script>Fundamento fictício']);
+    recommendationConfer($this, $attempt, null, 'returned');
+    $next = recommendationAttempt($this, ['previous_id' => $attempt->id]);
+    $before = AuditLog::query()->count();
+    $this->get($this->url)->assertOk()->assertHeader('Cache-Control', 'max-age=0, no-store, private')->assertInertia(fn (Assert $p) => $p->component('purchases/recommendation')->where('history.data.0.id', $next->id)->where('history.data.1.status', 'returned')->where('basis.ready', true));
+    $this->get('/recomendacoes/'.$next->id.'/imprimir')->assertOk()->assertHeader('Cache-Control', 'max-age=0, no-store, private')->assertSee('Sistema de Gestão de Compras (SGC)')->assertSee('Histórico desta adopção')->assertSee('&lt;script&gt;', false)->assertDontSee('<script>alert', false);
+    $this->f['quotes'][0]->update(['reference' => 'Referência actual diferente']);
+    $this->get('/recomendacoes/'.$attempt->id.'/imprimir')->assertOk()->assertSee('Histórica ou base desactualizada')->assertSee('PROP-TEST')->assertDontSee('Referência actual diferente');
+    expect(AuditLog::query()->count())->toBe($before);
+    $this->f['issuer']->forceFill(['purchasing_role' => PurchasingRole::Requester])->save();
+    foreach ([$this->f['issuer'], $this->f['receiver']] as $reader) {
+        $this->actingAs($reader)->get($this->url)->assertForbidden();
+        $this->get('/recomendacoes/'.$attempt->id.'/imprimir')->assertForbidden();
+    }
+});
+
+test('other tenant conflict and audit rollback cannot introduce recommendation decisions', function () {
+    $attempt = recommendationAttempt($this);
+    $tenant = Tenant::query()->create(['name' => 'Empresa fictícia distinta']);
+    $other = User::factory()->create(['tenant_id' => $tenant->id, 'purchasing_role' => PurchasingRole::Finance]);
+    $this->actingAs($other)->get($this->url)->assertNotFound();
+    $this->get('/recomendacoes/'.$attempt->id.'/imprimir')->assertNotFound();
+    $this->post('/recomendacoes/'.$attempt->id.'/conferir', ['verdict' => 'approved', 'reason' => 'Conferência de empresa distinta'])->assertNotFound();
+    $this->actingAs($this->f['buyer']);
+    DB::statement("CREATE TRIGGER fail_recommendation_audit BEFORE INSERT ON audit_logs WHEN NEW.action = 'recommendation.proposed' BEGIN SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'test audit failure'); END");
+    try {
+        app(FormalRecommendation::class)->propose($this->f['buyer'], $this->f['r'], [...$this->f['proposal'], 'previous_id' => $attempt->id]);
+        $this->fail('Missing audit rollback');
+    } catch (QueryException) {
+        expect(RecommendationAttempt::query()->count())->toBe(1);
+    } finally {
+        DB::statement('DROP TRIGGER fail_recommendation_audit');
+    }
+    ConflictDeclaration::query()->create(['tenant_id' => $this->f['tenant']->id, 'user_id' => $this->f['reviewer']->id, 'requisition_id' => $this->f['r']->id, 'has_conflict' => true, 'known_since' => now()->toDateString(), 'declared_at' => now(), 'reason' => 'Conflito fictício documentado']);
+    $this->actingAs($this->f['reviewer'])->post('/recomendacoes/'.$attempt->id.'/conferir', ['verdict' => 'approved', 'reason' => 'Conferência bloqueada por conflito'])->assertSessionHasErrors('conflict');
+    expect(RecommendationReview::query()->count())->toBe(0);
+});
diff --git a/tests/Feature/PurchaseProcessTest.php b/tests/Feature/PurchaseProcessTest.php
index 25ec748..027d243 100644
--- a/tests/Feature/PurchaseProcessTest.php
+++ b/tests/Feature/PurchaseProcessTest.php
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ test('process overview links records without declaring partial execution complet
             ->where('stages.7.state', 'recorded')
             ->where('stages.7.detail', '1 registadas; 0 validadas. O registo não equivale a validação.')
             ->where('stages.8.state', 'not_started')
-            ->has('future', 1)
+            ->has('future', 0)
             ->where('documents', fn ($documents) => collect($documents)->contains('label', $f['invoice']->number)));
 });
 
diff --git a/tests/Support/RecommendationFixture.php b/tests/Support/RecommendationFixture.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ebb249
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Support/RecommendationFixture.php
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+<?php
+
+use App\Enums\PurchasingRole;
+use App\Models\ProposalEvaluation;
+use App\Models\Supplier;
+use App\Models\User;
+use App\Services\DocumentaryQualificationWorkflow;
+use App\Services\FormalAdmission;
+use App\Services\FormalRecommendation;
+use App\Services\ProposalOpeningWorkflow;
+
+require_once __DIR__.'/QualificationFixture.php';
+
+/** Genuine three-quotation basis; underlying fixture refuses non-isolated databases. */
+function recommendationFixture(int $quorum = 2): array
+{
+    $f = qualificationFixture();
+    $tenantId = $f['tenant']->id;
+    $departmentId = $f['r']->department_id;
+    $admin = User::factory()->create(['tenant_id' => $tenantId, 'purchasing_role' => PurchasingRole::Admin]);
+    $buyer = User::factory()->create(['tenant_id' => $tenantId, 'department_id' => $departmentId, 'purchasing_role' => PurchasingRole::Procurement]);
+    $head = User::factory()->create(['tenant_id' => $tenantId, 'department_id' => $departmentId, 'purchasing_role' => PurchasingRole::DepartmentHead]);
+    $reviewer = User::factory()->create(['tenant_id' => $tenantId, 'purchasing_role' => PurchasingRole::Finance]);
+    $otherReviewer = User::factory()->create(['tenant_id' => $tenantId, 'purchasing_role' => PurchasingRole::Finance]);
+    auth()->guard()->setUser($buyer);
+    $f['r']->update(['approval_snapshot' => ['first_limit_minor' => 2500000, 'second_limit_minor' => 15000000, 'approval_includes_tax' => true, 'rules_provisional' => true]]);
+    $f['r']->steps()->create(['tenant_id' => $tenantId, 'position' => 1, 'role' => 'department_head', 'decision' => 'approved', 'approver_id' => $head->id, 'decided_at' => now()]);
+    $supplier = Supplier::query()->findOrFail($f['quote']->supplier_id);
+    $quotes = [$f['quote']];
+    for ($i = 1; $i <= 2; $i++) {
+        $otherSupplier = $supplier->replicate();
+        $otherSupplier->fill(['nuit' => '12345678'.$i, 'name' => 'Fornecedor fictício '.$i])->save();
+        $quote = $f['quote']->replicate();
+        $quote->fill(['supplier_id' => $otherSupplier->id, 'reference' => 'PROP-FICTICIA-'.$i])->save();
+        $quotes[] = $quote;
+    }
+    $item = $f['r']->items()->firstOrFail();
+    foreach ($quotes as $index => $quote) {
+        $amount = 10000 * ($index + 1);
+        $quote->update(['created_by' => $buyer->id, 'subtotal_minor' => $amount, 'total_minor' => $amount]);
+        $quote->items()->create(['tenant_id' => $tenantId, 'requisition_item_id' => $item->id, 'description' => $item->description, 'quantity' => '1.000', 'unit_price_minor' => $amount, 'tax_rate' => '0', 'subtotal_minor' => $amount, 'tax_minor' => 0, 'total_minor' => $amount]);
+        foreach ([$buyer, $f['analyst']] as $evaluator) {
+            ProposalEvaluation::query()->create(['tenant_id' => $tenantId, 'quotation_id' => $quote->id, 'evaluator_id' => $evaluator->id, 'quality' => '8', 'history' => '5', 'payment' => '8', 'no_conflict' => true, 'comment' => 'Avaliação exclusivamente fictícia']);
+        }
+    }
+    $opening = app(ProposalOpeningWorkflow::class);
+    $documentary = app(DocumentaryQualificationWorkflow::class);
+    $set = $documentary->define($buyer, $f['r'], [...$f['definition'], 'basis_hash' => $opening->basis($opening->proposals($f['r']))]);
+    $answers = $f['assessment']['answers'];
+    $answers[1] = ['criterion_id' => 2, 'result' => 'met', 'evidence' => 'Documento fictício', 'reason' => 'Conformidade exclusivamente fictícia'];
+    foreach ($quotes as $quote) {
+        auth()->guard()->setUser($f['analyst']);
+        $documentary->assess($f['analyst'], $set, [...$f['assessment'], 'quotation_id' => $quote->id, 'answers' => $answers]);
+    }
+    $admission = app(FormalAdmission::class);
+    auth()->guard()->setUser($admin);
+    $admissionPolicy = $admission->policy($admin, ['previous_id' => 0, 'enabled' => true, 'roles' => ['finance'], 'required_count' => 1, 'reason' => 'Política de admissão exclusivamente fictícia']);
+    auth()->guard()->setUser($buyer);
+    $admissionAdoption = $admission->adopt($buyer, $f['r'], $admissionPolicy->id, 0, 'Adopção de admissão exclusivamente fictícia');
+    foreach ($quotes as $quote) {
+        auth()->guard()->setUser($buyer);
+        $decision = $admission->propose($buyer, $f['r'], ['quotation_id' => $quote->id, 'previous_id' => 0, 'basis_hash' => $admission->basis($f['r'], $quote->id)['hash'], 'outcome' => 'admit', 'reason' => 'Proposta de admissão exclusivamente fictícia']);
+        auth()->guard()->setUser($f['analyst']);
+        $admission->review($f['analyst'], $decision, 'approved', 'Conferência de admissão exclusivamente fictícia');
+    }
+    $workflow = app(FormalRecommendation::class);
+    $policyData = ['previous_id' => 0, 'enabled' => true, 'roles' => ['finance', 'department_head'], 'required_count' => $quorum, 'reason' => 'Política de recomendação exclusivamente fictícia'];
+    auth()->guard()->setUser($admin);
+    $policy = $workflow->policy($admin, $policyData);
+    auth()->guard()->setUser($buyer);
+    $adoption = $workflow->adopt($buyer, $f['r'], $policy->id, 0, 'Adopção de recomendação exclusivamente fictícia');
+    $proposal = ['previous_id' => 0, 'quotation_id' => $quotes[0]->id, 'basis_hash' => $workflow->basis($f['r'])['hash'], 'reason' => 'Recomendação exclusivamente fictícia'];
+    $selection = ['quotation_id' => $quotes[0]->id, 'justification' => 'Proposta de maior pontuação com recomendação.', 'delivery_date' => today()->addWeek()->format('Y-m-d'), 'delivery_location' => 'Armazém fictício'];
+
+    return [...$f, 'quotes' => $quotes, 'set' => $set, 'admin' => $admin, 'buyer' => $buyer, 'head' => $head, 'reviewer' => $reviewer, 'other_reviewer' => $otherReviewer, 'admission_policy' => $admissionPolicy, 'admission_adoption' => $admissionAdoption, 'policy' => $policy, 'policy_data' => $policyData, 'adoption' => $adoption, 'proposal' => $proposal, 'selection' => $selection];
+}
diff --git a/tests/Support/apply-recommendation-migration.php b/tests/Support/apply-recommendation-migration.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f0d043
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Support/apply-recommendation-migration.php
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+<?php
+
+// Explicit operational entry point: backup, restore verification, then only migration 000020.
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Console\Kernel;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Artisan;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+use Symfony\Component\Process\Process;
+
+require __DIR__.'/../../vendor/autoload.php';
+$app = require __DIR__.'/../../bootstrap/app.php';
+$app->make(Kernel::class)->bootstrap();
+$connection = DB::connection();
+if ($connection->getDriverName() !== 'pgsql' || $connection->getDatabaseName() !== 'compras_dev' || ! $app->environment('local')) {
+    throw new LogicException('Aplicação recusada fora de compras_dev/local.');
+}
+$pdo = $connection->getPdo();
+$migration = '2026_10_28_000020_create_formal_recommendations';
+if ($pdo->query("SELECT count(*) FROM migrations WHERE migration = '$migration'")->fetchColumn() > 0) {
+    throw new LogicException('Migração já aplicada; não repetir.');
+}
+$config = $connection->getConfig();
+$bin = 'C:/Program Files/PostgreSQL/17/bin/';
+foreach (['pg_dump.exe', 'pg_restore.exe'] as $tool) {
+    if (! is_file($bin.$tool)) {
+        throw new LogicException('Ferramentas PostgreSQL 17 ausentes.');
+    }
+}
+$envHash = hash_file('sha256', base_path('.env'));
+$directory = storage_path('app/private/backups/formal-recommendation-000020-'.gmdate('Ymd-His').'-'.bin2hex(random_bytes(3)));
+if (! mkdir($directory, 0700, true)) {
+    throw new RuntimeException('Não foi possível criar backup privado.');
+}
+$env = ['PGHOST' => $config['host'], 'PGPORT' => (string) $config['port'], 'PGUSER' => $config['username'], 'PGPASSWORD' => $config['password'], 'PGSSLMODE' => $config['sslmode'] ?? 'prefer'];
+$quote = fn (string $name) => '"'.str_replace('"', '""', $name).'"';
+$columns = [];
+$fingerprints = function (PDO $db, array $tables) use ($quote, &$columns): array {
+    $result = [];
+    foreach ($tables as $table) {
+        $rows = $db->query('SELECT md5(row_to_json(t)::text) FROM (SELECT '.implode(', ', array_map($quote, $columns[$table])).' FROM public.'.$quote($table).') t')->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_COLUMN);
+        sort($rows, SORT_STRING);
+        $result[$table] = ['count' => count($rows), 'sha256' => hash('sha256', implode('\n', $rows))];
+    }
+
+    return $result;
+};
+$tables = $pdo->query("SELECT tablename FROM pg_tables WHERE schemaname = 'public' ORDER BY tablename")->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_COLUMN);
+foreach ($tables as $table) {
+    $statement = $pdo->prepare("SELECT column_name FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_schema = 'public' AND table_name = ? ORDER BY ordinal_position");
+    $statement->execute([$table]);
+    $columns[$table] = $statement->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_COLUMN);
+}
+$restoreDatabase = 'compras_restore_check_'.bin2hex(random_bytes(6));
+$restoreCreated = false;
+try {
+    // pg_dump and the manifest read exactly the same committed snapshot.
+    $pdo->beginTransaction();
+    $pdo->exec('SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ, READ ONLY');
+    $snapshot = $pdo->query('SELECT pg_export_snapshot()')->fetchColumn();
+    $backupState = $fingerprints($pdo, $tables);
+    $dump = new Process([$bin.'pg_dump.exe', '--format=custom', '--no-owner', '--no-acl', '--snapshot='.$snapshot, '--file='.$directory.'/database.dump', '--dbname='.$config['database']], base_path(), $env);
+    $dump->setTimeout(120);
+    $dump->run();
+    if (! $dump->isSuccessful()) {
+        throw new RuntimeException('Falha no backup PostgreSQL; migração não executada.');
+    }
+    $pdo->commit();
+    $pdo->exec('CREATE DATABASE '.$quote($restoreDatabase));
+    $restoreCreated = true;
+    $restore = new Process([$bin.'pg_restore.exe', '--exit-on-error', '--no-owner', '--no-acl', '--dbname='.$restoreDatabase, $directory.'/database.dump'], base_path(), $env);
+    $restore->setTimeout(120);
+    $restore->run();
+    if (! $restore->isSuccessful()) {
+        throw new RuntimeException('Restauro de verificação falhou; migração não executada.');
+    }
+    config(['database.connections.budget_restore' => [...$config, 'url' => null, 'database' => $restoreDatabase]]);
+    $restored = DB::connection('budget_restore')->getPdo();
+    if ($fingerprints($restored, $tables) !== $backupState) {
+        throw new RuntimeException('Restauro não corresponde ao backup; migração recusada.');
+    }
+    file_put_contents($directory.'/manifest.json', json_encode(['tables' => $backupState, 'columns' => $columns, 'dump_sha256' => hash_file('sha256', $directory.'/database.dump')], JSON_PRETTY_PRINT | JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR));
+    file_put_contents($directory.'/RECUPERACAO.txt', "Backup custom PostgreSQL 17 verificado por restauro numa base separada.\nUsar pg_restore --exit-on-error --no-owner --no-acl --dbname=NOVA_BASE database.dump.\nAs credenciais pertencem ao ambiente local e não estão neste manifesto.\nNão restaurar por cima da base existente.\n");
+    DB::disconnect('budget_restore');
+    unset($restored);
+    $pdo->exec('DROP DATABASE '.$quote($restoreDatabase));
+    $restoreCreated = false;
+    $businessTables = array_values(array_diff($tables, ['migrations', 'sessions', 'cache', 'cache_locks', 'jobs', 'failed_jobs', 'job_batches']));
+    $before = $fingerprints($pdo, $businessTables);
+    $oldMigrations = $pdo->query('SELECT id, migration, batch FROM migrations ORDER BY id')->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
+    $constraints = $pdo->query("SELECT conname, pg_get_constraintdef(oid) AS definition FROM pg_constraint WHERE connamespace = 'public'::regnamespace ORDER BY conname, definition")->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
+    $exit = Artisan::call('migrate', ['--path' => 'database/migrations/'.$migration.'.php', '--force' => true]);
+    if ($exit !== 0) {
+        throw new RuntimeException('Migração falhou; consultar backup privado.');
+    }
+    $after = $fingerprints($pdo, $businessTables);
+    $newMigrations = $pdo->query('SELECT id, migration, batch FROM migrations ORDER BY id')->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
+    $newConstraints = $pdo->query("SELECT conname, pg_get_constraintdef(oid) AS definition FROM pg_constraint WHERE connamespace = 'public'::regnamespace ORDER BY conname, definition")->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
+    if ($before !== $after || array_slice($newMigrations, 0, count($oldMigrations)) !== $oldMigrations || count($newMigrations) !== count($oldMigrations) + 1 || array_diff(array_map('serialize', $constraints), array_map('serialize', $newConstraints)) !== [] || hash_file('sha256', base_path('.env')) !== $envHash) {
+        throw new RuntimeException('Verificação de preservação falhou; não executar mais escritas.');
+    }
+    $report = ['verified_at_utc' => gmdate('c'), 'migration' => $migration, 'batch' => (int) end($newMigrations)['batch'], 'backup_created' => true, 'backup_bytes' => filesize($directory.'/database.dump'), 'restore_verified' => true, 'restored_tables' => count($tables), 'restore_database_dropped' => true, 'business_records_unchanged' => true, 'existing_constraints_preserved' => true, 'env_unchanged' => true, 'recommendation_policies_count' => (int) $pdo->query('SELECT count(*) FROM recommendation_policies')->fetchColumn(), 'recommendation_adoptions_count' => (int) $pdo->query('SELECT count(*) FROM recommendation_adoptions')->fetchColumn(), 'operational_validation' => false];
+    file_put_contents(base_path('docs/recomendacao-migracao-000020.json'), json_encode($report, JSON_PRETTY_PRINT | JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR).PHP_EOL);
+    echo json_encode($report, JSON_PRETTY_PRINT | JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR).PHP_EOL;
+} finally {
+    if ($pdo->inTransaction()) {
+        $pdo->rollBack();
+    }
+    DB::disconnect('budget_restore');
+    if ($restoreCreated && preg_match('/^compras_restore_check_[a-f0-9]{12}$/', $restoreDatabase) && $restoreDatabase !== $connection->getDatabaseName()) {
+        $pdo->exec('DROP DATABASE '.$quote($restoreDatabase));
+    }
+}